DUPANLOUP, FELIX A. P. 



EAKTH, THE. 



249 



he very earnestly repelled the demand of Abb6 

 Gaume and the " Univers " to exclude the pagan 

 classics altogether from Catholic schools. A 

 bitter controversy sprang up on this subject, 

 in which a number of bishops took part on 

 both sides, and which was finally ended by the 

 interference of the Pope. In 1850 he was made 

 a knight of the Legion of Honor, and in 1854 

 he was elected a member of the French Acad- 

 emy. He obtained considerable influence in 

 the Academy, and prevented the elections of 

 Littre, Taine, and Kenan on account of their 

 anti-Christian sentiments ; but in 1871 Littr6 

 was elected notwithstanding his opposition, 

 and Dupanloup therefore tendered his resigna- 

 tion. In the conflict between the Liberal Cath- 

 olic school, which was headed by Montalem- 

 bert, Lacordaire, and Falloux, on the one hand, 

 and the Ultramontanes, whose foremost leader 

 was L. Veuillot, on the other, Dupanloup open- 

 ly sympathized with the former, and he was 

 therefore frequently and violently attacked by 

 the " Univers." In the Vatican Council he 

 acted with the opposition and signed the pro- 

 test of June 3, 1870, against the promulgation 

 of the doctrine of papal infallibility. After its 

 promulgation he was, however, among the first 

 to submit. He always took an active part in 

 the political affairs of France. In 1848 he was 

 instrumental in having the French expedition 

 sent to Kome, and during the reign of Napo- 

 leon III. he zealously advocated the temporal 

 power of the Pope. In 1871 he was elected to 

 the National Assembly, where he acted with 

 the Right. In the Senate, of which he became 

 a life-member in 1875, he belonged to the Or- 

 leanists, and was one of the most active advo- 

 cates of the " Fusion," or the reconciliation of 

 the Bourbonists and the Orleanists. He was 

 probably the ablest pulpit orator in France, and 

 was respected for his talents and his amiability 

 by men of all parties. His literary productions 

 were numerous. His most comprehensive work 



is entitled "De 1'Education" (3 vpls., Paris, 

 1855- 1 57), and treats of education in general, 

 of authority in education, and of the higher 

 intellectual education. He also wrote " La 

 Souverainet6 pontificale selon le Droit Catho- 

 lique et le Droit Europeen " (3d edition, 1868), 

 "Histoire de N. S. J6sus-Christ" (1872), and 

 many other works. 



DUYCKINCK, EVERT AUGUSTUS, an Amer- 

 ican author, died in New York, August 13, 

 1878. He was born in New York, November 

 23, 1816, and was the son of Evert Duyckinck, 

 for many years a leading publisher of that city. 

 He graduated at Columbia College in 1835, 

 and five years later, in conjunction with Cor- 

 nelius Mathews, the well-known author and 

 journalist, he established the "Arcturus," a 

 monthly magazine, which was continued till 

 1842. In 1847 he began to publish a weekly 

 critical paper under the title of the "Literary 

 World." After twelve numbers had been pub- 

 lished, he withdrew from the editorship, but 

 on the appearance of the eighty-eighth num- 

 ber he again assumed the editorial management, 

 in conjunction with his brother, George Long 

 Duyckinck. The periodical was conducted by 

 the two brothers until the close of 1853, when 

 it was discontinued. In 1856 they completed 

 the " Cyclopaedia of American Literature," 

 which appeared in two large volumes ; and a 

 supplement was added in 1865 by E. A. Duyc- 

 kinck. The latter, besides contributing exten- 

 sively to periodicals, published the following : 

 " The Wit and Wisdom of Sydney Smith," with 

 a memoir (1856) ; " Memorials of John Allan " 

 (1864) ; " Poems relating to the American 

 Revolution," with memoirs (1865) ; " History 

 of the War for the Union " (3 vols., 1861-'65) ; 

 " National Portrait Gallery of Eminent Amer- 

 icans " (2 vols., 1866) ; " History of the World 

 from the Earliest Period to the Present Time " 

 (1870) ; and " Memorials of Francis L. Hawks " 

 (1871). 



E 



EARTH, THE.* Comparative Statistics. 

 We present below, as in the three preceding 

 volumes of the "Annual Cyclopaedia," the 

 comparative statistics of the area and popula- 

 tion of the large divisions of the globe, of the 

 numerical relation of the sexes in different 

 countries, of the largest cities of the earth, and 

 of the progress of railroads and telegraphs, as 

 each year has added to the completeness and 

 accuracy of the statistics. 



I. Present Area and Population. The area 

 and population of the large divisions of the 

 world were estimated by Behm and Wagner 

 ("Bevolkerung der Erde," vol. v., Gotha, 1878) 

 as follows in 1878 : 



* For an account of former estimates of the total population 

 of the earth, beginning with Isaac Vossius, see " Annual Cy- 

 clopaedia " for 18T5. 



The estimates made by Behm and Wagner 

 in the former volumes of the " Bevolkerung 

 der Erde " were as follows : 



1876 1,424,000,000 



1877 1,426,000,000 



II. The Largest Cities of the World. The 

 " L - T ~ 1 - -rives all the cities of the earth 

 .er which have 200,000 inhab- 



1872 1,877,000,000 



1873 1,391,000,000 



1875 1,397,000,000 



itants or more : 



