EXPOSITION, PARIS. 



299 



screwed on a backing of wood, and is said to 

 be more durable than brick. A fourth Eng- 

 lish front was a specimen of village architec- 

 ture common in the sixteenth and seventeenth 

 centuries, a complete house built in wood and 

 plaster, and containing characteristic rooms 

 and staircases. Another, offered by the Doul- 

 tons, of Lambeth, was a front of terra cotta, 

 both glazed and painted and unglazed, in the 

 French and Italian styles of the fourteenth 

 century, with large pointed windows, florid 

 ornamentations, and only small spaces of brick 

 wall visible. Norway and Sweden faced their 

 sections with fronts of pine, of national char- 

 acter, with handsome carvings and lattice- 

 work. The Russian front showed a kind of 

 log-palace, strictly national, picturesquely ga- 

 bled and ornamented with frets ; it was a 

 copy of the house in which Peter the Great 

 was born. The large Chinese and Japanese 

 sections were fronted with specimens of their 

 curious architecture and ingenious joinery. 

 The Japanese front was plain, with a map of 

 Japan and a plan of Tokio displayed on the 

 walls on each side of a porch, which was en- 

 livened by little fountains representing in 

 faience aquatic plants, from whose leaves and 

 blossoms water was trickling. The Chinese 

 front was a square house covered with a diaper 

 pattern in black and white, with a bright red 

 door, and a curious carved black wooden 

 crown on the roof with upturned corners. 

 The Italian front was a trifling, tawdry speci- 

 men. A stone front with balconies fronted 

 the Persian, Siamese, Tunisian, and Morocco 

 exhibitions. The duchy of Luxemburg had 

 a stone front of the Transition period. San 

 Marino's section was fronted with a showy 

 structure. Switzerland put up a plaster front 

 without character, with windows in which 



Siinted glass was displayed. The Austro- 

 ungarian facade was a long arcade with pa- 

 vilions at the ends, the style being Italian 

 Renaissance. Portugal's architectural contri- 

 bution was one of the most interesting, being 

 a facsimile in plaster of portions of a convent 

 at Belem, and details of other buildings around 

 Lisbon, in the late Gothic of the fifteenth 

 century; the elaborately ornamented gateway 

 of the convent formed the facade on the 

 street, while the cloisters were carried around 

 the entire space of the Portuguese exhibit. 

 The Belgians had erected on their 150 feet of 

 frontage a solid edifice of brick and stone, 

 which cost over a hundred thousand dollars, 

 and was a handsome example of their modern 

 Renaissance style ; the walls were of brick, 

 and in the trimmings the producers of other 

 building materials offered their exhibits of 

 stone and marble, wrought iron, bronze, etc. 

 The success with which the numerous materi- 

 als of various colors were harmoniously com- 

 bined, and the excellence of the design, did 

 much credit to the architect, M. Janlet. The 

 Dutch front was not so ambitious, but its ar- 

 chitecture was of similar character, although 



a copy of an old building, the town hall at the 

 Hague. 



Classification of Exhibits. -The nine groups 

 into which the exhibits were divided were as 

 follows: I. Works of art, among which no- 

 thing was admitted which was produced be- 

 fore 1867, divided into five classes, viz. : 1, 

 oil paintings ; 2, miniatures, pastels, drawings, 

 paintings on enamel and porcelain, designs 

 for windows, and frescoes ; 3, sculpture, die- 

 sinking, engraved stones, cameos, niello work, 

 and chased and hammered work ; 4, architec- 

 tural plans and models; 5, engravings and 

 lithographs. II. Education and instruction, 

 divided into eleven classes, viz. : 1, primary 

 instruction ; 2, intermediate ; 3, superior ; 4, 

 books and printing; 5, stationery, bookbind- 

 ing, and painting and drawing materials; 6, 

 drawing and modeling; 7, photography; 8, 

 musical instruments; 9, medicine, hygiene, 

 and public relief; 10, mathematical and philo- 

 sophical instruments; 11, maps and geograph- 

 ical apparatus. III. Furniture and accessories, 

 embracing furniture and upholstery, glassware, 

 cutlery, bronzes, clocks, heating and lighting 

 apparatus, basket-work and paper-bangings. 

 IV. Textile fabrics and accessories, including 

 the following classes : 1, cotton thread and 

 fabrics ; 2, flax and hemp thread and fabrics ; 



3, worsted yarn and fabrics ; 4, silk, raw and 

 manufactured ; 5, shawls ; 6, lace, embroidery, 

 and trimmings; 7, hosiery; 8, clothing; 9, 

 jewelry and precious stones ; 10, hunting and 

 shoQting equipments and portable weapons; 

 11, traveling necessaries; 12, toys. V. Min- 

 ing industries, and raw and manufactured 

 natural products, including minerals, wood, 

 game, non-edible agricultural products, chemi- 

 cal processes, leather, and skins. VI. Ap- 

 paratus used in the mechanical arts, compris- 

 ing all the machinery, and being subdivided 

 into 19 classes, with 140 minor groups. VII. 

 Alimentary products, including the classes: 1, 

 cereals, farinaceous products, and manufac- 

 tures ; 2, bread and pastry ; 3, fatty foods, 

 milk, and eggs ; 4, meat and fish ; 5, vegetables 

 and fruit ; 6, condiments, stimulants, and con- 

 fectionery ; 7, fermented beverages. VIII. 

 Agriculture and pisciculture, subdivided into 

 the classes : 1, farm buildings and apparatus ; 

 2, horses, asses, mules; 3, oxen and buffaloes; 



4, sheep and goats; 5, pigs and rabbits; 6, 

 poultry; 7, dogs; 8, useful and noxious in- 

 sects ; 9, fish, shell-fish, and aquaria. IX. Hor- 

 ticulture, including the classes : 1, conserva- 

 tories, fountains, and gardening tools ; 2, flow- 

 ers and ornamental plants; 3, vegetables; 4, 

 fruity and fruit-trees ; 5. forest-tree seeds and 

 saplings ; 6, greenhouse plants. 



The sum set apart for awards was 1,500,000 

 francs. The number 9f grand prizes, originally 

 set at 100, was afterward increased to 150; 

 of gold medals from 1,000 to 2,500 ; and silver 

 medals, 40 per cent. The money value of a 

 gold medal was consequently diminished from 

 750 francs to 300 francs. 



