460 



JAPAN. 



protecting-tips for shoes, thimbles, hat sweat- 

 I lands, and a multitude of other articles. One 

 of its latest and most remarkable uses is in 

 sheets coating a foundation of linen for collars 

 and curt's, which are very durable, and when 

 soiled can be cleaned in a minute. 



The right to manufacture celluloid in Europe 

 has been acquired by a company established in 

 France ; so that neither the crude article nor its 

 manufactures are exported across the Atlantic; 

 but considerable quantities of the finished goods 

 are sent to Cuba and South America. 



JAPAN", an empire in Eastern Asia. Mika- RECEIPTS. 



do (Emperor) Muts-Hito born at Tokio, Sep- >; ?^^ q u^.:' """".- /^ 



tember 22, 18o2 ; succeeded his rather, Komei- 8. Mining clues, stamp dues, patent dues, post- 



Tenno, 1867; married December 28, 1868, to age stamps, etc .......................... 2,105,778 



Princess Haruko, born April 17, 1850, daughter gSj B t? .*!?::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1|T 8;g! 



of Prince Idchidgo. There is no regular law 6. Tobacco tax ................................ 824 : ,280 



nf iiPPPeirm ami in PIA of flip rlpnth or abfli- 7 - Tribute of the Liukiu Islands ............... 40,656 



ion, ana in case oi tne oeatn or ao< 8 Taxeg OQ the products of the nor(bern prov . 



cation of the Mikado, the crown does not gen- tnces ................................... 877,576 



erally devolve upon his son, but upon either 9. Receipts from mines ....................... 1,024,680 



the eldest or most distinguished mem ber of the Jj TdeS-aphs'. ! .' ! ! .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' ! ." .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' 208.020 



Shi Shinn6, the four imperial families of Japan. 12. Receipts from various manulactures, etc ..... 377.707 



These families are the Katzura, Arisugawa, a^-,^::::::::::::::::::::;:;:;:;:;:; SSS 



Fushimi, and Kamnn. The Mikado is theo- is. Miscellaneous receipts ...................... 377.551 



retically an absolute sovereign, who reigns and 1G - From 6um8 due to tlie Government ......... i,i44,7g 



governs; but the work of government is car- Total .................................. $51,250,439 



ried on by the Great Council, which is divided 



into three sections, center, right, and left. The rURES> 



center is composed of the Prime Minister, vice '; 8Ri?B?SS^.^:::::::::::::; :::: $17 '873,S 



Prime Minister, and five advisers. The left is 8. Pensions ................................... 282,705 



made up exclusively of the Council of State, J gS^Ctociai Assent: ". ""i: '. S 



the functions OI Which are analogous to those C. Ministry of Foreign Affairs .................. 175,500 



of the French Conseil d'etat, so far as the prep- ? of the interior ..................... 1,002,100 



aration and discussion of laws is concerned. $ wS?!?.t.' .'.'.".' .'.'.'.'.' .'.'.':.'.":: '.'.'.'.'.'. ffiooo 



The right includes all the ministers and vice- 10! of the Navy. '.'.'.!'.'.'..'!!'..".'.'.!!!'.!'.! 8.'2i7,500 



ministers of the eight aepartments into which ; StS^^l"":::""":": SS 



the administration is divided. The ministers, 13. " of Justice ......................... i,248.ooo 



either individually or united in a cabinet de- 5 *- " of the imperial House ............. 273.000 



cide all ordinary questions; hut points of ry ^^^------.: ^gjjjj! 



great importance are reserved for the Great 17. Provincial administration ................... 8.628,220 



Con ncil, presided over by the Mikado. JjJ- administration ....................... 2 ooi'?48 



The foreign states represented in Japan in 20'. Poiice/temp'ies '.'.'.'.'.'.'. I'.'.".".".".'.'.".!!!".!!!'.".".".'. 'isolSoo 



1 878 by am bassadors or consuls were Austro- 21 - Public buildings, canals, etc ................. 1,906,500 



TTnnfrnrv 'Rolrnnm Tk^>vAi T? r* 22. Ambassadors and consuls .................. 600,000 



ungary, 15el^um, Denmark, France, Ger- 2 3. For the support of the poor and the promo- 



man hmpire, Great Britain, Italy, Peru, Por- tion of industry .......................... 500,000 



WSSiffaJMaSE" Switzei " lt: aa=n^EiE.=. : ;. : . : ^% 



The following table gives the area of the sev- Total expenditure ...................... $51,256,489 



eraHslands, according to an official calculation The public debt on July 1, 1877, was as fol- 



tnade^n 1877, and the population in 1874: lows: 



ISLANDS. Sree. ^ grfngtterest at4percen t .. $11,460.950 



^ ; ' SI 



. 



Conin Islanda ' 



Ad>.nt islands ................. 



ToUlJapanese Empire .......... 



2. Foreign debt : 



Bearing interest at 9 per cent . . . $2.440,000 



% ' 7 " - 10 ' 959 ' 016 



t o QOQ m 

 ' ' 



- 



The budgetforl 877-78 was as follows:* 



Total public debt ..................... $363,225,677 



From this amount should be deducted 



Reservefund ............................. $39,031,538 



