OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



657 



ttirbilder aus dem 18. Jahrhundert " (1874). 

 He also edited Schlosser's "Weltgeschichte fur 

 das deutsche Volk" (18 vols., 1843-'56). 



KUHNER, RAPHAEL, a German philologist, 

 ' born in Gotha, March 22, 1802, died April 16, 

 1878. After completing his studies at the 

 University of Gottingen, he was appointed 

 professor at the Lyceum of Hanover, which 

 position he retained until his death. His com- 

 prehensive grammar of the Greek language 

 ( kt Ausfuhrliche Grammatik der griechischen 

 Sprache," 2 vols., 1834-'35 ; 2d edition, 1869- 

 '72), which introduced many results of com- 

 parative philology, and especially referred to 

 Sanskrit, was regarded as a great progress in 

 the history of Greek grammars. His " Schul- 

 grammatik der griechischen Sprache" (1836; 

 5th edition, 1873), " Elementargrammatik der 

 griechischen Sprache" (1837; 27th edition, 

 1870), " Elementargrammatik der lateinischen 

 Sprache" (1841; 38th edition, 1875), and 

 " Schulgrammatik der lateinischen Sprache" 

 (1842; 6th edition, 1861) were very exten- 

 sively introduced, and translated into English 

 and several other languages. The first volume 

 of a new comprehensive Latin grammar (" Aus- 

 fuhrliche Grammatikder lateinischen Sprache") 

 appeared in 1877 ; the work was not completed 

 at his death. 



LA HITTE, JEAN ERNEST Duoos, Vicomte de, 

 a French general, born in 1789, died in Sep- 

 tember, 1878. He served in the Spanish war 

 during the first empire, and took part in the 

 Morea expedition and in the capture of Algiers. 

 He was Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1849- 

 '51, was a member of the Senate under the 

 second empire, and after its fall lived in com- 

 plete retirement. 



LAMARMORA, ALFONSO FERRERO, Marchese 

 di, an Italian general and statesman, born No- 

 vember 17, 1804, died January 5, 1878. He 

 received his education in the military academy 

 of Sardinia, and entered the artillery as lieu- 

 tenant in 1823. He took part in the war of 

 1848 against Austria as major, and in that year 

 was raised to the rank of brigadier-general. In 

 October and November, 1848, and again in 

 February, 1849, he was for brief periods Min- 

 ister of War, and in April, 1849, quelled the 

 insurrection in Genoa. On November 3, 1849, 

 he again assumed the ministry, and with great 

 success reorganized the army after the pattern 

 of the French and Prussian armies. In 1855 

 he commanded the Sardinian troops in the Cri- 

 mea, distinguishing himself particularly before 

 Sebastopol. Having been raised to the rank of 

 General of the Army, he was again Minister of 

 War from 1856 till 1859, when he resigned in 

 orden to assume the command of the troops in 

 the war with Austria. After the conclusion 

 of peace he was Prime Minister until January, 

 1860, and in 1861 went to Berlin as Extraor- 

 dinary Ambassador. In November of the same 

 year he became the first Governor of Naples, 

 and in this po*sition displayed great energy in 

 the suppression of brigands and of the Camorra. 

 VOL. xviii. 42 A 



In September, 1864, he again became the head 

 of the Cabinet, and remained in this position 

 until April, 1866, when he became chief of 

 staff of the army operating against Austria. In 

 consequence of the defeat of the Italian army 

 he resigned his position, and was then elected 

 to the Chamber of Deputies. After the death 

 of his adjutant in 1873 he published the dis- 



Eatches of the latter on his mission to Berlin, 

 i which Bismarck's policy was characterized 

 as treacherous to Italy. The book at the time 

 created considerable sensation, and caused Bis- 

 marck to denounce the author in the Prussian 

 Chamber of Deputies, while the official Ger- 

 man organ accused Lamarmora of forgery. In 

 the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Nicotera ad- 

 dressed an interpellation on the subject to the 

 Ministry, who censured Lamarmora. The sec- 

 ond volume did not appear in consequence. 

 From that time he lived in complete retire- 

 ment. 



LACDERDALE, THOMAS MAITLAND, Earl of, 

 born in 1803, died August 31, 1878. He en- 

 tered the navy in 1816, attained the rank of 

 Admiral in 1868, and that of Admiral of the 

 Fleet shortly before his death. He was a rep- 

 resentative peer and Hereditary Standard-Bear- 

 er of Scotland, and in 1873 was made first and 

 principal Aide-de-Camp to the Queen. 



LECESNE, JULES NICOLAS ALEXANDRE, a French 

 deputy, born September 7, 1818, died February 

 3, 1878. He was elected to the Corps Legisla- 

 tif in 1869, was president of Gambetta's Arma- 

 ment Commission, declined a nomination for 

 the Assembly in 1871, but was elected to the 

 Chamber of Deputies in 1876, and reflected in 

 1877. He was an ardent Republican, and pos- 

 sessed a great knowledge of commercial ques- 

 tions. 



LEO, HEINRIOH, a German historian, born 

 March 19, 1799, died April 24, 1878. He stud- 

 ied at first medicine, but afterward devoted 

 himself to the study of philosophy and history. 

 He became in 1825 extraordinary professor at 

 Berlin, and in 1828 extraordinary and in 1830 

 ordinary professor at Halle. In 1863 he was 

 made life member of the Prussian House of 

 Lords. As a student Leo had taken part in all 

 the liberal movements of the day ; but as early 

 as 1820 he began to speak against demagogues, 

 and from that time he became more and more 

 attached to the most advanced conservative 

 party in politics, and to the strictly orthodox 

 school in theology. Among his most impor- 

 tant works are: "Geschichte der italien Staa- 

 ten" (5 vols,, 1829-'30), which formed part of 

 the great collection of historical works by 

 Heeren and Uhert, and was translated into 

 Italian by Alberi (see ALBERI) ; " Zwolf Bticher 

 niederlandischer Geschichten " (2 vols., 1832- 

 '35) ; "Lehrbuch der Universalgeschichte " (6 

 vols., 1835-'44) ; "Leitfadenfur den Unterricht. 

 in der Universalgeschichte " (4 vols., 1838- 

 '40) ; " Vorlesungen uber die Geschichte des 

 deutschen Volkes und Reichs " (5 vols., 1854- 

 '66). He also distinguished himself as a writer 



