658 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



on the Old German and Celtic languages and 

 literatures. 



LEWES, GEORGE HENRY, an English scholar, 

 born April 18, 1807, died November 30, 1878. 

 He at first devoted himself to commercial pur- 

 suits, afterward studied medicine, and then pur- 

 sued the study of philosophy. He spent the 

 years 1838 and 1839 in Germany, studying its 

 language and metaphysics. In 1847, having 

 previously written largely in the leading mag- 

 azines and periodicals, he published his " Bio- 

 graphical History of Philosophy from Thales 

 to Comte " (4th edition, 1871). In the follow- 

 ing year appeared " The Spanish Drama," in 

 1849 "The Life of Robespierre," and in 1853 

 "Comte's Philosophy of the Sciences." Among 

 his more recent writings are a "Life of Goethe " 

 (2 vols., 1855; 3d edition, 1875), of which a 

 German translation was prepared by Frese 

 (llth edition, 1877) ; " The Physiology of Com- 

 mon Life " (I860) ; a work on Aristotle enti- 

 tled " A Chapter from the History of Science " 

 (1866) ; " Problems of Life and Mind. First 

 Series : the Foundation of a Creed " (2 vols., 

 1873-'75) ; " On Actors and the Art of Act- 

 ing" (1875); and " The Physical Basis of Mind" 

 (1877). He was also the author of several nov- 

 els and dramas, edited " Selections from the 

 Modern British Dramatists," and was the first 

 editor of the " Leader " (1849-'54) and of the 

 "Fortnightly Review" (1865-'66). 



LINDBLAD, ADOLF FREDRIK, a Swedish com- 

 poser, born February 1, 1801, died August 23, 

 1878. He studied music in Berlin and Paris, 

 and established a music-school at Stockholm in 

 1827, which he conducted up to the time of 

 his death. He composed several operas and 

 symphonies, but his fame rests chiefly upon 

 his numerous songs, as sung by his pupil, Jen- 

 ny Lind. 



LOMENIE, Louis LEONARD DE, a French scholar, 

 born in 18i8, died April 2, 1878. He became 

 in 1864 Professor of French Literature in the 

 Polytechnic School of Paris, and in 1874 was 

 elected a member of the French Academy. His 

 first large work was the " Galerie des Contem- 

 porains" (10 vols., 1840-'47), which he pub- 

 lished under the nom deplume of " Un Homme 

 de Rien." This was followed by "Beaumar- 

 chais et son Temps" (2 vols., 2d edition, 1858), 

 and " La Comtesse de Rochefort et ses Amis " 

 (1871). 



MACGAHAN, JOHN A., a British war corre- 

 spondent, born in St. Louis, Mo., in 1846, died 

 at Constantinople, June 10, 1878. Upon the 

 outbreak of the German-French war, he entered 

 the service of the " New York Herald," and 

 accompanied the army of Bourbaki, describing 

 to defeat and retreat into Switzerland. When 

 the Russian expedition was sent to Khiva, 

 MacGahan followed it in spite of the prohibi- 

 tion of the Russian authorities, and his book, 



Campaigning on the Oxus," is one of the best 



stmg records of that war. He afterward 



iccornpamed the expedition of the Pandora to 



the North Pole, and described it in " Under 



the Northern Lights." After his return from 

 this expedition he left the "Herald" and entered 

 the employ of the London "Daily News." In 

 the interest of this paper he was employed in 

 European Turkey in 1876-'77, and went through 

 the Russo-Turkish war, stirring up the English 

 public by his accounts of the Bulgarian atroci- 

 ties, and furnishing some of the best corre- 

 spondence of the war. His success as a corre- 

 spondent was greatly due to his versatility. He 

 was equally at home in war operations, in poli- 

 tics, in diplomacy, and in social topics, and at 

 the time of his death had complete mastery of 

 the French, German, and Russian languages, 

 and could make himself understood in Spanish, 

 Turkish, and Bulgarian. 



MAGNE, PIERRE, a French statesman, born De- 

 cember 3, 1806, died June 8, 1878. In 1843 he 

 was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, and 

 soon showed a remarkable aptitude for finan- 

 cial matters. In 1849 he was appointed Under- 

 secretary in the Ministry of Finance, and up to 

 1855 was on several occasions Minister of Pub- 

 lic Works, Agriculture, and Commerce. From 

 1854 to 1860 he was Minister of Finance, which 

 office he filled with great success. He again 

 held that office from 1867 to 1869, and In 1870. 

 In 1871 he was elected to the National Assem- 

 bly from the department of Dordogne, and in 

 1873 was again appointed Minister of Finance 

 in the Cabinet of the Due de Broglie, but re- 

 signed in 1874. In 1876 he was elected a Sen- 

 ator from the Dordogne. 



MARIA DE LAS MERCEDES, Queen of Spain, 

 born June 24, 1860, died June 26, 1878. She 

 was a daughter of the Due de Montpensier, the 

 youngest son of King Louis Philippe, and was 

 married to King Alfonso XII. of Spain on Jan- 

 uary 23, 1878. The marriage was one purely 

 of love, and had been bitterly opposed by almost 

 all classes in Spain. The Due de Montpensier 

 had for a long time been greatly disliked by the 

 Spanish people. The intrigue of which his 

 father's policy made him the instrument when 

 he married the sister of Queen Isabella had 

 been defeated by events, but the evil odor of it 

 still hung about the Duke's political position 

 in Spain. But the King's firmness overcame 

 all opposition. As soon as the marriage was 

 solemnized, however, a complete revulsion of 

 feeling took place among the Spanish people. 

 The Queen's intelligence, nobility of character, 

 and lofty and pure ideal of domestic life were 

 admired and appreciated by the entire nation ; 

 and at the time of her death she was univer- 

 sally beloved, and it was felt by all that her 

 death was a great loss to the nation. 



MAYER, JULIUS ROBERT VON, a German physi- 

 cist, born November 25, 1814, died March, 20, 

 1878. He studied medicine in the University 

 of Tubingen, and afterward went to Munich 

 and Paris to complete his education. In an 

 essay, "Bemerkungen tiber die Krafte der un- 

 belebten Natur," in vol. Ixii. of Liebig's " Anna- 

 len," he asserted for the first timfe the idea of 

 the correlation of heat and the work expended 



