OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



661 



culation. His other works are chiefly con- 

 tained in the " Annales de Ohimie et de Phy- 

 sique," and in the u Comptes Rendus de 1'Aca- 

 d6mie des Sciences." He became a member of 

 the Academy of Sciences in 1840, and was one 

 of the fifty foreign members of the Royal So- 

 ciety of London, the Council of which in 1869 

 conferred upon him the highest gift in its 

 power, the Copley medal. 



ROULAND, GUSTAVE, a French statesman, 

 born in 1806, died December 12, 1878. He 

 was deputy for Dieppe from 1846 to 1848, and 

 Minister of Education and Worship from 1856 

 to 1863, when his resistance to episcopal pre- 

 tensions, particularly a reprimand to seven 

 bishops who had signed an electoral circular, 

 led to his resignation. He was soon afterward 

 appointed President of the Council of State. 

 He was a Senator from 1859 to 1870, and in 

 1876 was elected to the Senate from the Seine- 

 Inferieure. Although elected by Conservatives, 

 he voted on several occasions with the Left. 

 He had been Governor of the Bank of France 

 since 1864. 



RiisTow, WILHELM, a German military au- 

 thor, born in Brandenburg, May 25, 1821, died 

 in Zurich, August 28, 1878. He entered the 

 Prussian army in 1838, but was compelled to 

 leave the country on account of his brochure 

 " Der deutsche Militarstaat vor und wahrend 

 der Revolution." He then entered the ser- 

 vice of Switzerland, in which he rose to the 

 rank of major in the general staff. In 1860 

 he assisted Garibaldi as chief of staff, and 

 fought with distinction at Capua and at the 

 Volturno. After the war he returned to Zurich 

 and devoted himself entirely to his literary 

 labors. In 1870 he was created colonel in the 

 Swiss army, the highest rank attainable in times 

 of peace. Besides descriptions of all the Euro- 

 pean wars of modern times, up to the last Rus- 

 so-Tnrkish war, which he completed shortly 

 before his death, he wrote "Die Feldherrn- 

 kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts " (3d edition, 1877 

 -'78), "Geschichte der Infanterie" (2 vols., 

 1857-'58), "Militarisches Handworterbuch " 

 (enlarged edition, 1868), and u Die Grenzen der 

 Staaten " (1868). Under the pressure of pecuni- 

 ary troubles and disappointment at not receiv- 

 ing a desired preferment, he committed suicide. 



SCLOPIS DE SALERANO, Count PAOLO FEDERI- 

 GO, an Italian jurist, born in 1798, died March 

 8, 1878. Having completed his studies in the 

 University of Turin, he received his first ap- 

 pointment in 1825. In 1848 he accepted the 

 office of Minister of Justice and of Ecclesiasti- 

 cal Affairs, and at the general election which 

 followed was chosen a deputy. In 1849 he was 

 called to the Sardinian Senate, of which he be- 

 came Vice-President and afterward President 

 until 1861, when he resigned. He subsequently 

 held the same position in the Senate of Italy 

 till 1864. In 1872 he was appointed arbitrator 

 at Geneva on the part of Italy, and was made 

 President of the Court of Arbitration. He was 

 the author of a number of historical works, the 



of which is a history of Italian legis- 

 lation'^ vols., Turin, 1840-'57). 



SCOTT, Sir GEORGE GILBERT, a British archi- 

 tect, born in 1811, died March 27, 1878. At 

 an early age he showed a taste for making 

 drawings of ancient churches, and his father 

 eventually placed him in an architect's office. 

 His first important work was the Martyr's Me- 

 morial at Oxford, in 1841, which was followed 

 in 1842 by the church of St. Nicholas in Ham- 

 burg. Among other buildings either designed 

 or restored by him are the cathedral church at 

 St. John's, Newfoundland, the cathedrals of Ely, 

 Lichfield, Hereford, Ripon, Gloucester, Chester, 

 St. David's, St. Asaph, Bangor, Salisbury, and 

 other places, the new Foreign Office, and the 

 new Home and Colonial Offices. He was also, 

 in conjunction with Sir Digby Wyatt, the ar- 

 chitect of the new India Office. Among his 

 writings on architecture are : " Remarks on 

 Secular and Domestic Architecture" (1850), 

 " Gleanings from Westminster Abbey " (1862), 

 and " Conservation of Ancient Architectural 

 Monuments" (1864). He was elected a mem- 

 ber of the Royal Academy in 1860, and knighted 

 in 1872. 



SELWYN, Rt. Rev. GEORGE AUGUSTUS, an 

 English bishop, born in 1809, died April 13, 

 1878. He was educated at Eton and St. John's 

 College, Cambridge, and was appointed first 

 Bishop of New Zealand in 1841, and Bishop 

 of Lichfield in 1867. He was the author of a 

 number of theological works. 



SHILDER-SHULDNER, JURIJ IVANOVITCH, a Rus- 

 sian general, died May 19, 1878. (See " Annual 

 Cyclopedia" for 1877.) 



SIDI MULEY HASSAN, Sultan of Morocco, born 

 in 1837, died in the first half of 1878. After 

 his father had ascended the throne in 1859, he 

 was sent on several diplomatic missions, and 

 repeatedly was appointed governor of a prov- 

 ince. He succeeded to the throne on the death 

 of his father in 1873. He was a very liberal 

 prince, and aimed to introduce European civ- 

 ilization. 



STIRLING- MAXWELL, Sir WILLIAM, a British 

 author, born in 1818, died January 15, 1878. 

 He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 

 where he graduated B. A. in 1859. He repre- 

 sented Perthshire in Parliament from 1852 to 

 1865, when he was defeated ; but he was again 

 elected there in 1874, and continued to repre- 

 sent that constituency until his death. He was 

 chosen Rector of St. Andrew's University in 

 1863, of Edinburgh in 1871, and Chancellor of 

 the University of Glasgow in 1875. Among 

 his best known works are : " Annals of the 

 Artists of Spain" (3 vols., 1848), "Cloister 

 Life of Charles V." (1852), and "Velasquez 

 and his Works " (1855). He was the eldest 

 son of Archibald Stirling, the representative 

 of an old and wealthy family of Perthshire. 

 Having succeeded to the estates of his ma- 

 ternal uncle, Sir John Maxwell, eighth baro- 

 net, who died June 6, 1865, he added the sur- 

 name of Maxwell to his patronymic, and be- 



