732 



RHODE ISLAND. 



161. The cost of supporting these institutions 

 for the year was a little over $150,000 



In the early part of the year the question 

 was raised whether, under the property quali- 

 fication for the suffrage, a man is entitled to 

 vote in consequence of his wife's ownership of 

 real estate. The inquiry was submitted to the 

 {Supreme Court by the Governor in the follow- 

 ing form : " Can a husband under the State 

 Constitution, Art. II., Section 1, be entitled to 

 vote by virtue of any right or interest which 

 he may have as husband in the real estate of his 

 wife; and if so, under what circumstances?" 

 According to the section of the Constitution, 

 no one can exercise the right of suffrage unless 

 he is " really and truly possessed in his own 

 right of real estate ... of the value of one 

 hundred and thirty-four dollars over and above 

 all encumbrances, or which shall rent for seven 

 dollars per annum over and above any rent 

 reserved or the interest of any encumbrances 

 thereon, being an estate in fee simple, fee tail, 

 for the life of any person, or an estate in rever- 

 sion or remainder, which qualifies no other 

 person to vote." Shortly after the adoption 

 of the Constitution in 1844 an act was passed 

 in relation to the property of women, which, 

 provided : " The real estate, chattels real, house- 

 hold furniture, plate, goods, stock or shares in 

 the capital stock of any incorporated company 

 of this State, or debts secured by mortgage on 

 property within this State, which are the prop- 

 erty of any woman before marriage, or which 

 may become the property of any woman after 

 marriage, shall be and are hereby so far se- 

 cured to her sole and separate use, that the 

 same, and the rents, profits, and income there- 

 of, shall not be liable to be attached or in any 

 way taken for the debts of the husband, either 

 before or after his death ; and upon the death 

 of the husband in the lifetime of the wife, shall 

 be and remain her sole and separate property." 

 The act also provides that the receipt or dis- 

 charge of the husband fer rents and profits 

 shall be a sufficient receipt or discharge, until 

 notice in writing is given by the wife; after 

 which the receipt or discharge of the wife alone 

 shall be sufficient. It still further provides 

 that nothing in the act shall be construed to 

 impair the rights of the husband upon the 

 death of the wife as tenant by courtesy. In 

 1872 the General Statutes introduced an im- 

 portant modification by enacting that the real 

 property of a married woman " shall be abso- 

 lutely secured to her sole and separate use " 

 lesteml of "so far secured to her sole and sep- 

 arate use that the same, and the rents, profits, 



I income thereof, shall not be liable to be 



ittached or m any way taken for the debts of 



the husband." After discussing the bearings 



the law on the question, the Judges con- 

 cluded briefly as follows : 



1. Any husband who married his wife previous to 

 December 2, 1872 and whose wife acquired the 

 n-operty on which he claima the right to vote pre- 

 vious to December 2, 1872, is entitled to vote under 



EOMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



Art. IT., Sec. 1, if he is otherwise qualified, and if the 

 property is a freehold estate of the value prescribed 

 in the Constitution, whether he has had children by 

 his wife or not. 



2. Any husband married since December 2, 1872, 

 or whose wife has acquired the property on which 

 lie claims the right to vote since December 2, 1872, 

 is entitled to vote under Art. II., Sec. 1, if he is 

 otherwise qualified and if the property is an estate 

 of inheritance of the value prescribed in the Consti- 

 tution, provided he has had issue by his wife capable 

 of inheriting it ; but otherwise not? 



EOKITANSKY, Baron KARL vox, an Aus- 

 trian anatomist and physiologist, died in Vien- 

 na, July 23d, aged seventy-four years. He was 

 a native of Koniggratz, Bohemia, studied medi- 

 cine in the Universities of Prague and Vienna, 

 attained his medical degrees in 1828, and soon 

 after was appointed an assistant and prosector 

 in the Vienna Institute of Pathological Anat- 

 omy. Later he was Professor of Pathological 

 Anatomy in that institution, and so continued 

 down to the year 1874, when he resigned. 

 During his lifetime Eokitansky assisted at no 

 less than 30,000 autopsies, and from these he 

 drew abundant material to illustrate his lectures, 

 and to enforce his doctrines in his published 

 works. His aim ever was to describe with the 

 utmost exactness the lesions of organs, and to 

 differentiate them from one another ; and thus 

 did he contribute toward laying the positive 

 and scientific foundations of pathological clas- 

 sification. To Eokitansky, more perhaps than 

 to any other man, is due the perfection of mod- 

 ern diagnosis. At the time of his death he 

 was President of the Imperial-Eoyal Academy 

 of Sciences at Vienna. 



EOMAN CATHOLIC CHUECH. The pon- 

 tificate of Pius IX., the longest in history, ter- 

 minated early in the year 1878* When Hum- 

 bert succeeded his father Victor Emanuel, 

 Pius IX. on the 17th of January protested. 

 On the 2d of February he gave his last allocu- 

 tion to the Cardinals, dying on the 7th. The 

 election of a new Pope had been looked for- 

 ward to with anxiety ; but no obstacles were 

 raised by the new masters of Eome to the as- 

 sembling of the Conclave. On the 18th of 

 February the Cardinals met to the number of 

 sixty. On the 20th Cardinal Joachim Pecci, 

 Archbishop of Perugia, received forty-five 

 votes, and took the name of Leo XIII. The 

 announcement was made to the people, and 

 the new Pope gave his blessing in St. Peter's. 

 He was crowned in that basilica on the 3d of 

 March. He is a native of the Pontifical States, 

 born at Carpineto, March 2, 1810. He had 

 shown ability in government as delegate at 

 Spoleto and Perugia, and in diplomacy as Nun- 

 cio to Belgium. He had been Archbishop of 

 Perugia since January 19, 1846. He commu- 

 nicated his election to the Powers. The first 

 act of his pontificate was the restoration of the 

 Catholic hierarchy in Scotland. This had long 

 engaged the attention of. Pius IX., and was de- 

 cided upon previous to his death. On the 4th 

 of March, 1878, Pope Leo XIII. by letter apos- 



