742 



RUSSIA. 



The majority of the population in the newly 

 acquired territory in Bessarabia belong to the 

 Greek Church. Of the population of the new 

 government of Kars, 417,602 are Mohamme- 

 dans and 183,042 Christians. 



The condition of the finances in 1876 was as 

 follows : 



Rubles. 



Receipts in 1S76 "Sfflffl [ 598,214,574 



Balance from the previous year 88,951,882 f 



Expenditure in 1876.. B JJ'ffi3S f 624,105,172 



Payments due from 1874 44,890,033 ) 



Deficiency 30,890,598 



The estimated revenue and expenditures for 

 1878, according to the budget as sanctioned by 

 the Emperor on December 31, 1877, were as 

 follows : 



REVENUE. 

 I. Ordinary revenue : 



1. Direct taxes 



2. Indirect taxes. 



8. Mines, mints, poets, and telegraphs 



4. State domains 



5. Miscellaneous receipts . . 



6. Kevenue of Transcaucasia 7,216,015 



Total ordinary revenue 538,331,528 



II. Extraordinary receipts, revenue of the East- 



ern loan of 1877 27,495,708 



III. Recettes d'ordre* 22,417,485 



IV. Extraordinary receipts (consisting chiefly of 



sums borrowed for the purpose of subsidiz- 

 ing railways and promoting public works). 12.158,709 



Total revenue 600,398,425 



EXPENDITURES. 



I. Ordinary expenditures : Rubles. 



1. Public debt 133,676,719 



2. Imperial Chancery 1,959,810 



3. Holy Synod 10,100,830 



4. Ministry of the Imperial House 9,047,464 



5. " of Foreign Affairs... 3,096.498 



6. " ofWar 181,841,786 



7. " of Navy 25,119,611 



8. ll of Finance 75.511,913 



9. " of State Domains 17,449,989 



10. " oflnterior 53,952,366 



11. " of Education 15,946,113 



12. " of Public Works.... 11,065,700 



13. " of Justice 15,162,^31 



14. Department of Control 2,156,137 



15. Imperial studs 818,207 



16. Civil Administration of Transcaucasia. . . 6,891,907 



Total ordinary expenditures 563,827,231 



II. Anticipated deficits in receipts 2,000,000 



III. Depcnses d'ordre* 22,417,485 



IV. Temporary expenditures 12,153,709 



Total expenditures 600,898,425 



The entire public debt of Russia, interior 

 and foreign, was estimated oh the 1st of Sep- 

 tember, 1878, to amount to 2,450,000,000 rubles, 

 including an internal loan of 210,000,000 rubles 

 issued in 1877, soon after the commencement 

 of the war with Turkey, and another internal 

 loan, called the " Second Eastern Loan," to 

 the amount of 300,000,000 rubles, issued in 

 August, 1878. The cost of the war was esti- 

 mated officially at the end of June, 1878, at 

 910,000,000 rubles. Not included in the debt 

 here enumerated is a very large quantity of pa- 

 per money ^vith forced currency. According 



* Thft Recettes d'ordre represent the estimated receipts 

 from the sale of volumes of law printed by the Government, 

 from the produce of state mines, and from other miscellane- 

 ous sources. These receipts are balanced by sums of a simi- 

 lar amount, placed on the estimates of expenditures, under 

 the heading of Depenses d'ordre. 



to official reports, the total amount of bank 

 notes in circulation on the 1st of January, 1876, 

 was 797,313,480 rubles. The amount of the 

 new issues of paper money made during the 

 war was variously estimated at from 205,000,- 

 000 to 280,000,000 rubles. The Minister of 

 Finance was dispatched abroad in November 

 for the purpose of negotiating a loan which 

 was to be applied to the redemption of a part 

 of the paper currency issued during the war. 

 The Imperial Bank on November 13th an- 

 nounced the issue of the third series of 4 per 

 cent. Treasury bonds for 50,000,000 rubles, 

 the bonds to be of the value of 1,000 and 5,000 

 rubles each, and to be redeemable on and after 

 May 1, 1879. 



The nominal strength of the various divi- 

 sions of the Kussian army, according to the 

 returns of the Ministry of War, was as follows 

 in 1878 : 



The losses of -the army during the war 

 amounted, according to official returns, to 89,- 

 304 officers and men killed and wounded; 

 among them were 10 generals killed and 11 

 wounded. One Prince of the Imperial family 

 and 34 of the higher nobility fell on the field of 

 battle. The proportion of killed and wounded 

 to the whole number engaged was very large, 

 one out of every six men who went into action 

 having been either injured or left dead on the 

 field. 



The Russian navy in 1878, according to offi- 

 cial reports, was composed as follows : 1. The 

 Baltic fleet, consisting of 137 men-of-war, in- 

 cluding 27 armor-clad ships, 44 unarmored 

 steamers, and 66 transports ; 2. The Black Sea 

 fleet, consisting of 25 unarmored steamers and 

 4 transports ; 3. The Caspian Sea fleet, consist- 

 ing of 11 unarmored steamers and 8 trans- 

 ports ; 4. The Siberian fleet, consisting of 15 

 unarmored steamers and 21 transports. The 

 total comprises 223 men-of-war, all steamers, 

 armed with 561 guns, with engines aggregat- 

 ing 188,120 horse-power. The Imperial navy 

 was officered at the end of March, 1878, by 17 

 admirals, 32 vice-admirals, 31 rear-admirals, 

 201 first-class captains, 98 second-class cap- 

 tains, 303 captain-lieutenants, 443 lieutenants, 

 and 129 midshipmen of the special corps at- 

 tached to the navy. The marine detachment 



