SAN SALVADOR. 



747 



object of the attacks of the reactionary party. 

 The immediate occasion of his dismissal was 

 a demand by the reactionists, growing out of 

 an incident in the Vera Sassulitch trial, that 

 advocates should be subjected to Government 

 control. Count Pahlen opposed this proposal, 

 and was removed, to make way for M. Nabo- 

 koff, a reactionist. 



The resignation of M. de Reutern as Minister 

 of Finance was officially announced July 19th. 

 He was succeeded by M. Greig. General Tima- 

 cheff, Minister of the Interior, resigned his po- 

 sition in December. The Emperor addressed 

 him a letter of thanks for the service he had 

 given, and conferred upon him the Vladimir 

 order of the first class. Privy Councilor Ma- 

 koff was appointed Provisional Minister of the 

 Interior, and General Timacheff was appointed 

 a member of the Senate. An intention was 

 attributed to the Czar, toward the end of the 

 year, to take advantage of the changes which 

 the resignations of the old ministers were 

 making necessary in the personality of his 

 Cabinet to introduce a new policy of admin- 

 istration, and substitute for the present Com- 

 mittee of Ministers a Cabinet which should hold 

 its councils under his presidency. In this Cabi- 



net it was understood that Count Shouvalof! 

 would take the chief position, an event which 

 was made more practicable and probable by 

 the growing age and infirmities of Prince 

 Gortchakoff. Nothing definite on this subject 

 had been made known at the close of the 

 year. 



Attention has been paid recently to the com- 

 munications with Siberia by way of the Arctic 

 Ocean and the great rivers of that country. 

 Three ships laden with corn, hemp, flax, etc., 

 were sent from Siberia by the Arctic route to 

 Europe in 1878. A great development of in- 

 dustrial activity has taken place in southern 

 Siberia since the recent acquisition by Russia 

 of Semivitchinsk, Kuldja, and the Hi Valley. 

 The Russian legation at Teheran is promoting 

 the construction of a railway between Tiflis 

 and the Persian capital, which will be carried 

 out, if necessary, exclusively with means sup- 

 plied from Russia ; and an extension of the 

 line, it was said in September, was even con- 

 templated to Herat. A grand national exhi- 

 bition is projected to be held at Moscow in 

 1880, a date which will correspond with the 

 twenty-fifth year of the accession of the present 

 Emperor to the throne. 



S 



SAN" SALVADOR (REPUBLIC A DE SAN SAL- 

 VADOR), one of the five independent states of 

 Central* America. (For territorial division, 

 area, population,* etc., see " Annual Cyclopae- 

 dia " for 1873). The President of the Repub- 

 lic is Seflor Don R. Zaldivar (May, 1876) ; and 

 the Vice-President, Sr. Don T. Larreynaga. 

 The Cabinet is composed of the following min- 

 isters: Interior, Sr. Don A. Lopez; Foreign 

 Affairs, Sr. Don C. Ulloa; Justice, Sr. Don 

 G. Aguilar; Public Instruction, Sr. Don M. 

 Gallardo ; and War and Finance, Sr. Don A. 

 Moran. The President of the Corps Le"gislatif 

 is Sr. Don M. Olivares ; President of the Sen- 

 ate, Sr. Don T. Moreno ; and the Bishop, T. M. 

 Pineda y Zaldafia. 



The standing army is 1,000 strong, and the 

 militia 5,000. The Minister of War reports 

 the condition of the forces as most admirable, 

 and that the troops were well supplied with 

 good arms of all kinds. 



The national revenue for 1876 was set down 

 at $1,096,591, and the expenditure at $1,794,- 

 282, constituting a deficit of $697,691. The 

 financial condition of the country has for a 

 number of years been extremely unfavorable ; 

 but symptoms of improvement have of late 

 been observed. For instance, the revenue and 

 expenditures for 1878 were estimated at $1,- 

 500,000 and $1,300,000 respectively; and the 

 Treasury returns for February and March of 

 the same year show a total income of $261,- 



* European statisticians estimate the population as not 

 exceeding 450,000. 



507, with but $73,792 of expenditures. The 

 spirit tax alone yielded $146,760 in the first 

 quarter ; and the total yield of that monopoly 

 for the year was estimated at $670,000. " The 

 financial difficulties having now been re- 

 moved," writes a newspaper correspondent, 

 "the ordinary revenues of the country will, 

 with economy and wise management, suffice 

 to meet all present requirements." The float- 

 ing home debt of the republic was reported to 

 amount to $1,072,948 on September 30, 1876. 

 The exports for 1876 were of a total value 

 of $3,605,023, against $3,179,514 in 1875 ; and 

 the imports, $l,698,083,.against $2,689,968 in 

 1875. The following tables exhibit the value 

 of the foreign commerce of San Salvador for 

 the year 1877, and the countries with which it 

 was carried on : 



EXTORTS. 



COUNTRIES. Valne. 



Great Britain $1,806,401 



United States 956,761 



France 546.679 



Germany .' . . . 204,198 



Other countries 447,896 



Total $3,960,932 



IMPORTS. 



Great Britain $1,219.991 



France 361.825 



United States 270,1 29 



Germany 82471 



Other countries 87<>,626 



Total $2,311,042 



According to the foregoing figures, the bal- 

 ance of trade in favor of the republic was $1,- 

 649,890. It will be observed that the exports to 



