776 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



Bjornstjerna, Foreign Affairs; J. H. Rosen- 

 sward, War; Baron F. W. von Otter, Navy; 

 H. L. Forssell, Finance ; F. F. Carlson, Edu- 

 cation and Ecclesiastical Affairs; C. J. Thy- 

 selius, Interior. Besides these there are three 

 ministers without portfolios: H. G. Lager- 

 strfile, Dr. N. H. Vult von Steyern, and Dr. 

 J. H. Loven. The area of Sweden, inclusive 

 of inland lakes, is 170,741 square miles. The 

 population of the several provinces or lans on 

 December 31, 1877, was as follows: 



LlNS. Population. 



Stockholm, City 165,677 



Stockholm, Lac 140,606 



Upsala 107,121 



Sodermanland 143,929 



Ostergotland. 268,584 



Jonkoping 198,1 13 



Kronoberg 168,081 



Calmar 241,989 



Gotland 54,964 



Blekinge 134,005 



Christianstad 230,869 



Malmohus 843,074 



Halland 133,988 



Gothenburg and Bohus 252,952 



Elfsborg 288,963 



Skaraborg 256.712 



Wermland 288,557 



Oerebro 181,286 



Westmanland 126,753 



Kopparberg 189,650 



Gefleborg 169,194 



Westernorrland 158,134 



Jemtland 79,387 



Westerbotten 101,449 



Norrbotten 86,665 



Total , 4,504,552 



Of the total population, 2,180,060 were 

 males and 2,304,482 were females. In 1876 

 there were 31,184 marriages, 140,236 births, 

 90,680 deaths, and 4,348 still-births. 



The population of the principal cities of 

 Sweden in 1877 was as follows: Stockholm, 

 167,677; Gothenburg, 71,707 ; Malmo, 34,439 ; 

 Norrkoping, 27,226; Gefle, 18,137; Carlskro- 

 na, 17,787 ; Jonkoping, 14,460 ; Upsala, 13,- 

 466; Lund, 13,415; Oerebro, 10,830 ; Helsing- 

 borg, 10,639 ; Calmar, 10,222. 



The budget for 1879 was as follows (value in 

 crowns 1 crown = 26*8 cents) : 



REVENUE. 



Surplus of former revenues 5,800,000 



Ordinary revenue 15,900,000 



Extraordinary revenue 47,800 000 



Net profit of the State Bank 1,350,000 



Total. 73,850,000 



EXPENDITURES. 

 >nllnry : 



Royal" household 1,218,000 



8,763,000 



618,800 



17,489,610 



f v y- 5,348,000 



Interior 4061019 



Education and Ecclesiastical' Amirs'. '. ! '. 9,12^729 



lnance 12.830,700 



Pensions 2,241000 



J-.xtraordinary Y 817 142 



Expenses of the Riksgaldakontor'. '.!!'. ". '. 1 lo',042^000 



Total 75,540,000 



Besides the budget, the Riksdag of 1878 

 voted 6,500,000 crowns for the construction 

 of new railroads, and 3,000,000 crowns were 



Ordinj 



, 

 Foreign Aflairs 



granted to increase the rolling stock and other 

 material of the existing roads. The expenses 

 of the army, church, and certain civil offices 

 are in part defrayed out of the revenue of 

 landed estates belonging to the Crown, and the 

 amounts do not appear in the budget estimates. 

 The public debt of Sweden on December 31, 

 1877, amounted to 182,157,084 crowns. 



The Swedish army in 1876 numbered 156,- 

 970 men. The navy in 1878 consisted of 42 

 steamers, of 19,311 horse-power and 153 guns, 

 10 sailing vessels with 105 guns, and 87 small- 

 er vessels with 113 guns. 



The imports and exports in 1876 were as 

 follows (value in crowns) : 



The movement of shipping in 1876 was as 

 follows : 



NORWAY. In Norway the executive is rep- 

 resented by the King, who exercises his au- 

 thority through a Council of State composed 

 of two ministers of state and nine councilors. 

 Two of the councilors, who are changed every 

 year, together with one of the ministers, form 

 a delegation of the Council of State residing 

 at Stockholm near the King. The Council of 

 State was composed as follows in 1878 : F. 

 Stang, Minister of State ; H. L. Helliesen, Fi- 

 nances and Customs ; Dr. J. C. Falsen, Justice 

 and Police ; J. L. Johansen, Navy ; C. A. Sel- 

 mer, Interior ; E. T. Nissen, Education and 

 "Worship ; Major-General A. F. Munthe, Army; 

 Jacob Aall (pro tem.\ Revision of Public Ac- 

 counts. The delegation of the Council at 

 Stockholm consisted of O. R. Kierulf, Minis- 

 ter of State, N. Vogt, and J. Holmboe. The 

 area of Norway is 122,280 square miles, and 

 the population according to the census of 1875 

 was 1,806,900. (For an account of the area 

 and population of each of the provinces of 



