796 



TURKEY. 



Brod on the 30th, and Derbend on the 31st, and 

 reported that in both places he was received in 

 the most cordial manner by the Turkish author- 

 ities. In Serayevo, the capital of Bosnia, an- 

 archy reigned supreme during these movements 

 of the Austrians. At the instigation of Hadji 

 Loja, a notorious chieftain at the head of a 

 band of Bashi-Bazouks, an insurrection broke 

 out in Serayevo, in consequence of which the 

 Civil Governor, Mazhar Pasha, and the Military 

 Commandant, Hafiz Pasha, fled with a detach- 

 ment of troops. They were pursued, captured, 

 and brought back to Serayevo by Hadji Loja, 

 who deprived them of their dignities and pos- 

 sessions. The insurgents attempting to get the 

 armory into their hands, a violent struggle last- 

 ing several hours arose between them and the 

 watch, which ended in the defeat of the latter. 

 The cordiality with which General Philippo- 

 vitch reported the Austrian troops to be re- 

 ceived everywhere, soon proved to be a delu- 

 sion. On August 1st he sent a reconnoitering 

 force into the valley of the Bosna, with orders 

 to make known to the inhabitants the Austrian 

 proclamation, and to prepare them for the ap- 

 proach of the Imperial troops. At Maglai the 

 force met with the first opposition on the part 

 of the inhabitants. It is situated in a narrow 

 defile on the right bank of the Bosna, is mostly 

 inhabited by Turks, and has a ruined castle com- 

 manding the valley. In passing through this 

 defile, the Austrians were attacked by the in- 

 habitants, and were forced to retreat with a 

 loss of 70. Shortly after, however, General 

 Philippovitch himself entered the town. On 

 the border of Herzegovina the 18th division 

 had taken up its position. It crossed the bor- 

 der on August 1st, and entered Mostar, the 

 capital of the province, on the 4th. Here also 

 the inhabitants had taken up arms against the 

 Austrians, but were forced to submit. On the 

 7th the 6th division set out from Maglai in 

 three columns. At Zepce it again encountered 

 serious opposition, being opposed by 6,000 in- 

 surgents. After a battle lasting from eight in 

 the morning until half past three in the after- 

 noon, the enemy was defeated, and the Austri- 

 ans entered the town, which they found almost 

 deserted. The division under Count Szapary 

 operating against Zvornik, in advancing through 

 a quarter the people of which showed decided 

 hostility, had important outpost engagements 

 at Gracanica and Hanperkovatch, on August 

 4th and 8th respectively, and on the two fol- 

 lowing days was drawn into very obstinate con- 

 flicts immediately before Tuzla. The Austri- 

 ans were defeated after a severe struggle, and 

 forced to retire to Gracanica. Count Szapary 

 afterward took up a strong position at Doboj. 

 After a march of several days, during which 

 he was continually harassed by the enemy, 

 General Philippovitch finally arrived before 

 Serayevo. Here he met with a stubborn re- 

 sistance, and on the 18th proceeded to storm 

 the city. After a severe artillery engagement, 

 lasting through the entire morning, and which 



was kept up with great vigor by both sides, 

 the Austrians proceeded to storm the town, 

 taking it after a most determined resistance. 

 The insurgents lost on this occasion 300 dead, 

 700 wounded, and large quantities of ammuni- 

 tion, over 1,000,000 cartridges falling into the 

 hands of the victors. The Austrian loss, al- 

 though including but few dead, was still severe, 

 numbering over 300 wounded. This victory, 

 while placing the Austrians in a strong position, 

 did not have that effect on the Bosnians which 

 was expected, the other Austrian generals, Sza- 

 pary and Jovanovitch, being hard pressed by 

 the insurgents; and it seemed highly probable 

 that the Austrians still had severe fighting be- 

 fore them. Under these circumstances it was 

 deemed advisable to increase the army of oc- 

 cupation. It had originally consisted of 100,- 

 000 men. To this number 65,000 men were 

 added, making the entire force under General 

 Philippovitch 165,000 men in eleven divisions. 

 This force was divided into four army corps, 

 which were placed under the command of the 

 Duke of Wiirtemberg, Baron Ramberg, Ritter 

 von Bienert, and Count Szapary. 



In Albania also an insurrection had broken 

 out. In order to stop it, the Porte sent Me- 

 hemet Ali to that province, as Extraordinary 

 Commissioner, to quell the disturbance. On 

 the 6th of September he arrived at Jakova, 

 where he found the greatest excitement pre- 

 vailing among the inhabitants. He was vio- 

 lently upbraided with having come to hand 

 over the country to the Servians. The agita- 

 tion went on increasing, and the house selected 

 by Mehemet Ali for a lodging was set on fire 

 by the Albanians of Jakova and Spek. This 

 done, there arose between the incendiaries and 

 Mehemet Ali's escort a regular fight, in the 

 course of which twenty men of the latter fell. 

 Toward evening, through the intervention of 

 some ulemas, the conflict was appeased, the 

 insurgents promising to observe a peaceful at- 

 titude. About six in the evening the struggle 

 broke out anew, resulting in the death of the 

 Marshal's adjutant and several officers, and the 

 house in which they had taken refuge was 

 fired ; Mehemet Ali succeeded in escaping from 

 the burning building, and concealing himself 

 near by; but his hiding-place was soon dis- 

 covered, and he, too, was mercilessly put to 

 death. 



In the Herzegovina, General Jovanovitch 

 continued to advance, meeting with but little 

 opposition, and on September 7th occupied 

 Trebigne. 



The Russian occupation of Batum threat- 

 ened to lead to a rising of the Lazis, the most 

 powerful tribe in that section. All through 

 the session of the Berlin Congress this people 

 was reported as ready for an insurrection in 

 case that port should be given to Russia. The 

 Lazis, however, finally determined not to re- 

 sist the Russian occupation, and most of that 

 tribe resolved to emigrate to the territories 

 still remaining subject to the Sultan's rule. 



