TURKEY. 



Senate, but did not take his seat. In December 

 he was arrested in a criminal action on charges 

 of fraud, but was released on $5,000 bail. In 

 January, 1873, he was brought to trial, which 

 resulted in a disagreement of the jury. In the 

 following November he was found guilty of 

 fraud, and was sentenced to twelve years' im- 

 prisonment in the penitentiary on Black well's 

 Island ; also to pay a fine of $12,550. In April 

 1875, suit was begun in behalf of the people 

 for the recovery of $6,000,000, and judgment 

 was entered for this amount with interest. In 

 the mean time his counsel had taken exceptions 

 to the decision in the criminal suit, claiming 

 that the cumulative sentence of twelve years' 

 imprisonment on twelve counts in the indict- 

 ment was contrary to law. This view was 

 sustained by the Court of Appeals, which in 

 June, 1875, held that the sentence was not 

 lawful beyond one year. Tweed's release was 

 therefore ordered. He was, however, held in 

 bail to the amount of $3,000,000 in the pend- 

 ing civil suits, and in default of this he was 

 committed to Ludlow Street Jail. On Decem- 

 ber 4th he escaped from the custody of two 

 keepers with whom he had been permitted to 

 ride in the Park and visit his residence. He 

 remained concealed for several months, and 

 then succeeded in reaching Cuba, whence he 

 went to Spain. Here he was arrested by the 

 Spanish Government and delivered to officers of 

 the United States. This was an act of courtesy 

 on the part of Spain, as there was no extra- 

 dition treaty which provided for the arrest and 

 delivery. Late in the autumn of 1876 Tweed 

 was brought back to New York, where he 

 was again confined in Ludlow Street Jail. He 



UNITARIANS. 



799 



made no further opposition to the legal pro- 

 ceedings pending against him, but took other 

 steps to secure his freedom. He made a prop- 

 osition to the Attorney-General of the State to 

 give up all of his property and effects, and to 

 furnish important testimony concerning the 

 frauds in which he and others had been en- 

 gaged, on condition of his release from im- 

 prisonment. This proposition was accompa- 

 nied with a statement indicating what evidence 

 he would give. After a somewhat protracted 

 examination of this statement and the matters 

 involved, the Attorney-General rejected the 

 proposition and refused to consent to Tweed's 

 release. Subsequently Tweed was examined 

 by a committee of the New York Board of 

 Aldermen, and gave many details relating to 

 the public money that had been stolen, and 

 the bribery and corruption that had been prac- 

 ticed in the Legislature and elsewhere. He 

 did not, however, succeed in obtaining his 

 freedom, and continued in prison until his 

 death. 



TYLER, SAMUEL, died in Georgetown, D. 0., 

 in December, 1878. He was born in Prince 

 George's County, Md., October 22, 1809. He 

 was admitted to the bar in 1831, and began 

 practice in Frederick City. He codified the 

 laws of Maryland, and was Professor of Law 

 in Columbia University. Besides important 

 articles contributed to magazines, he was the 

 author of ''A Discourse of the Baconian Phi- 

 losophy " (1844) ; " Burns as a Poet and as a 

 Man " (1848) ; " The Progress of Philosophy 

 in the Past and in the Future " (1859 ; 2d edi- 

 tion, 1868) ; and a biography of Chief Justice 

 Taney (1872). 



TJ 



UNITARIANS. The " Year Book " of the 

 Unitarian Churches (American) for 1879 gives 

 lists of 358 church societies and 401 ministers. 

 The number of societies shows an increase of 

 five, and the number of ministers an increase 

 of thirteen over the record of the previous year. 

 Ninety-nine of the churches were without pas- 

 tors. The list of ministers includes many who 

 are not efficient for the supply of churches, such 

 as those who are aged or disabled, some who 

 are serving in educational and philanthropic 

 work, and some who have retired from the 

 work of the church and are now only nomi- 

 nally ministers ; so that the number of actual 

 ministers is thought not to be in excess of the 

 need of the churches for their services. 



The eighth National Conference of Unitarian 

 and other Christian churches met at Saratoga 

 Springs, N. Y., September 17th. The Hon. E. 

 Rockwood Hoar, of Concord, Mass., presided. 

 A report was made by the American Unitarian 

 Association, which mentioned the happy re- 

 sults which had followed the cooperation of 

 that body- with the Conference in the building 



of the church at Washington, the publication 

 of a new and revised edition of the " Hymn and 

 Tune Book," and the various lines of mission- 

 ary work, particularly that in India, in which 

 the Association was engaged. It placed stress 

 upon the importance of preaching the liberal 

 doctrines in the college towns West and East, 

 and of diffusing religious literature agreeing 

 with the Unitarian doctrines. A representa- 

 tive of the Unitarians of St. Louis, Mo., re- 

 ported that within the last fifteen years those 

 people had founded Washington University, 

 an unsectarian institution having about nine 

 hundred young men and three hundred young 

 women under its tuition, with law, polytech- 

 nic, and art schools, and separate academic and 

 collegiate schools in the girls' department. The 

 endowment of the institution was about $400,-. 

 000. The Bureau of Ministerial Supply, a body 

 consisting of three settled ministers acting in 

 conjunction with one of the secretaries of the 

 American Unitarian Association, formed to 

 serve as a means of communication between 

 parishes and unsettled ministers, reported that 



