AFRICA. 



15 



800 members ; the Norwegian Lutherans have 

 in missionaries and 288 members; and the 

 Krii-ntls have 100 congregations. Primary 

 schools are taught at all the stations, and are 

 1'iv-ly attended by pupils of all ages. Higher 

 schools are also connected with the older sta- 

 tions, and most of the missions huve normal 

 and training schools for teachers, and theologi- 

 cal schools for the education of native preach; 

 ers. The statistics of those schools of which 

 regular reports are given show that the attend- 

 ance of scholars generally exceeds the number 

 of members in the churches. Fourah Bay Col- 

 lege, of the Church Missionary Society, on the 

 West Coast of Africa, is affiliated with the 

 University of Durham, whence some of its stu- 

 dents have received degrees, and provides a 

 full course of collegiate instruction, with com- 

 parative philology, theology, and the Hebrew 

 and Arabic languages. The institution of the 

 Free Church of Scotland, at Lovedale, Caf- 

 fraria, has elementary, literary, and theologi- 

 cal classes, of three years each, and is attended 

 by natives and English, most of the native 

 races of South Africa and the stations of all 

 the denominational missions being represented 

 among its pupils. It has furnished trained 

 teachers for the Free Church and other mis- 

 sions, has developed a branch institution at 

 Blythewood in the Transkei, and has contrib- 

 uted to the establishment of the new mission 

 at Livingstonia, on Lake Nyassa. The mission 

 schools of Madagascar have been extensively 

 developed and systematically organized, and 

 have promoted the establishment of a national 

 system of education. Grammars and diction- 

 aries of the languages of the numerous tribes 

 have been prepared by the missionaries, 

 school and religious books have been published 

 in them, and a varied literature has been pro- 

 duced in the Caffro dialects. This literary work 

 gives employment to some respectable printing- 

 houses. 



The following table gives an estimate of 

 the population connected, in 1879, with the 

 Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Eastern 

 Churches : 



The principal event in Africa during 1879 

 was the deposition of Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, 

 in favor of his oldest son, Prince Tevfik. This 

 was brought about by the pressure of the 



Western Power* on Turkey, in consequence of 

 the extravagant measures adopted by tho Khe- 

 dive. Several changes of ministry followed, 

 until finally Riaz Pusha, who had been exiled 

 by Ismail and recalled by Tevfik, was appoint- 

 ed President of the Council. The relations of 

 Egypt and Abyssinia were in an unsettled con- 

 dition. In the latter part of the year Colonel 

 Gordon was sent to Abyssinia to arrange a 

 definite treaty of peace. (See ABYSSINIA, and 

 EGYPT.) 



The British had another native war on their 

 hands in South Africa in 1879, and one which 

 eclipsed all of the preceding wars in impor- 

 tance. This year it was the nation of the Zoo- 

 loo Caffres, under their king Cetywayo, with 

 whom the British came into conflict. The 

 causes that led to it were said by the colonists 

 to be the general insecurity of their frontiers, 

 and the utter disregard which Cetywayo ex- 

 hibited toward the demands of the governments 

 of Natal and the Cape. On the other hand, 

 the natives who were from time to time cap- 

 tured, as well as Cetywayo himself, stated that 

 at no time had the Zooloo king been anxious 

 for war, and that he had done everything in 

 his power to satisfy his white neighbors. In 

 England, the war was regarded as unnecessary. 

 The British, at first, met with defeat, but on 

 July 4th they gained a complete victory over 

 the Zooloos, which was followed on August 

 28th by the capture of Cetywayo. The Zoo- 

 loo land was then subdivided into thirteen dis- 

 tricts, and a chief appointed for each, while a 

 British resident at the krall of each chief is to 

 watch over British interests. The qiiestion of 

 a South African confederation was again prom- 

 inently brought forward by Sir M. Hicks-Beach, 

 but received little encouragement from the 

 colonies. (See CAPE COLONY, and ZOOLOOS.) 



In Algeria, a complete change of govern- 

 ment took place. The supreme civil and mili- 

 tary powers, which had been united up to this 

 time in one person, were separated, and a new 

 governor-general and coramander-in-chief were 

 appointed. In June an insurrection of Kabyles 

 broke out simultaneously in Tunis, Algeria, 

 jco. A boundary commission which 

 was to settle the disputed boundary between 

 the British colony of Sierra Leone and the Re- 

 public of Liberia adjourned sine die on April 

 24th, without settling any one point in the dis- 

 Agreement between the English and 

 Liberian members was found to be impossible, 

 and the former flatly refused to refer the mat- 

 Commander Shufeldt of . the United 

 States Navy, who had been selected as arbitra- 

 >r. 



The Portuguese Government in March sent 

 a man-of-war to Whydaly to blockade the coast 

 of Dahomey, on account of the capture and 

 imprisonment of a Portuguese merchant. The 

 King of Dahomey, on the other hand, ordered 

 all roads leading from the interior to the coast 

 to be blockaded, so that the entire commerce 

 of the country was prostrated. 



