BRAZIL. 



Bhonld bo president of a province while the 

 . it u iv was in session, on the ground that 

 >rmer system of governing provinces by 

 vice-presidents while the presidents were at- 

 tending the Legislature at the capital of the 

 empire was prejudicial to the provincial in- 

 terests. Sonhor Andrade Pinto, though not 

 opposed to that measure as a rule, was of 

 opinion that an exception might be admit- 

 ted in the case of the presidency of Rio de 

 Janeiro, in view of the proximity (twenty- 

 two minutes) of the seat of government of 

 that province to the capital, and the Viscount's 

 continuance in his provincial office being fur- 

 thermore necessary to the completion of the 

 ret. >nns begun by him. The remainder of the 

 Cabinet, however, insisted on the uniformity 

 of the rule, assigning as a special reason against 

 the advisability of an exception in the present 

 instance, the fact that the Viscount had been 

 elected President of the Chamber of Deputies. 

 This presidency the Viscount resigned on his 

 removal frqm that of Rio de Janeiro. 8e- 

 nhor Prados is a distinguished astronomer, and 

 was for some years in charge of the Imperial 

 Astronomical Observatory. The new Minister 

 of the Navy is a wealthy planter from Bahia, 

 which province he represents in the Chamber 

 of Deputies, and is reputed a most honorable 

 and active administrator. The Council of 

 State is composed of the following members 

 in ordinary: The Princess Imperial, Donna 

 Isabel ; Prince Gaston d'Orleans, Count d'Eu ; 

 the Senators Viscounts de Abaete", do Rio 

 Branco, de Muritiba, de Bom Retiro, de 

 Jaguary, de Nictheroy, and de Araxa ; the 

 Duke de Gaxias, J. P. Dias de Carvacho, J. J. 

 Teixeira, Vice-Admiral J. R. de Lamare, and 

 Dr. P. J. Scares de Souza ; and of six mem- 

 bers extraordinary: Senators J. L. C. Para- 

 nagu& and M. P. S. Dantas, Viscount de Pra- 

 dos, Councilors Martin Francisco and B. A. 

 de M. Taques, and Dr. J. C. de Andrade. The 

 President of the Senate, which comprises 58 

 life members, is Viscount de Jaguary ; and 

 the Vice-President, Count de Bacpendy. The 

 Chamber of Deputies is composed of 122 mem- 

 bers elected for four years : President, ; 



Vice-President, F. de Almeida. 



The Presidents of the several provinces were 

 as follows : Alag&as, Dr. C. Pinto da Silva ; 

 Amazonas, Baron de Maracaju ; Bahia, Dr. 

 Aragao Bulcao ; Ceara, Dr. J. J. de Albuquer- 

 que Barros ; Espirito Santo, Dr. E. S. Martins ; 

 Goyaz, Dr. A. S. Spinola ; Maranbao, Dr. L. O. 

 Lino de Vasconcellos ; Matto Grosso, Dr. J. J. 

 Pedroza ; Minas Geraes, Dr. M. J. G. Rebello 

 Horta ; Para, Dr. J. 0. da Gama e Abreu ; Pa- 

 rahyba, Dr. U. M. Pereira Vianna ; Parana, Dr. 

 M. P. S. Dantas Filho ; Pernambuco, Dr. A. de 

 Barros Cavalcante ; Piauhy, Dr. J. P. Belfort 

 Vieira; Rio de Janeiro, Dr. A. M. Marcondes 

 de Andrade ; Rio Grande do Norte, Dr. R. L. 

 Marcondes; Rio Grande (or Sao Pedro) do 

 Sul, Dr. F. Pereira da Silva ; Santa Catharina, 

 Dr. A. A. Oliveira; Sao Paulo, Dr. L. A. de 



Brito; Sergipe. Dr. T. F. doe Santos. The 

 Archbishop of Bahia, J. G. de Azevedo (1876), is 

 Primate of all Brazil ; and there are eleven 

 bishops, viz., those of Para, Sao Luiz, Forta- 

 leza, Oliuda, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Porto 

 Alegre, Marianna, Diarnantina, Goyaz, and Cu- 

 v:il.:'i. The Brazilian Minister to the United 

 States is Councilor A. P. de Carvalho Bor- 

 ges, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 

 potentiary, accredited October 9, 1871 ; and 

 the Brazilian Consul-General (for the Union) 

 at New York is Senhor Salvador de Mendouca. 



In pursuance of the law of February 27, 1876, 

 military service is obligatory for all subjects ; 

 but there are numerous exceptions admitted, 

 and substitution is allowable. The period of 

 service is six years in the regular army and 

 three in the reserve. The regulation strength 

 of the army in time of peace is 15,000, and in 

 case of war 82,000. The real strength of the 

 army in 1878, however, was 16,806, including 

 1,753 officers. The arms are distributed as fol- 

 lows : Infantry, 21 battalions, 8 garrison com- 

 panies, and 1 depot company for the instruc- 

 tion of recruits ; cavalry, 5 regiments, 1 squad- 

 ron, and 5 garrison companies; artillery, 3 

 regiments of horse and 6 battalions of foot ; 

 sappers and miners, 1 battalion; gendarmes, 

 7,642, of whom 1,070 are at Rio de Janeiro. 

 The National Guard had been disbanded for 

 reorganization on the completion of the new 

 census. 



For the most recent naval statistics, reference 

 may be made to the " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 

 1877. In 1878 the Adjutant-General proposed 

 the following classification of the officers of the 

 navy, involving a reduction of their number 

 and a change of denomination for certain ranks : 

 1 admiral, 2 vice-admirals, 6 rear-admirals, 15 

 first-class captains (commandantes), 80 second- 

 class and 40 third-class captains, 100 first-class 

 lieutenants, and 120 second-class ; total, 314. 

 This modification, if adopted, would reduce the 

 number of officers by 207, and constitute an 

 economy of $103,130 per annum in the pay- 

 lists alone. 



The estimated revenue and expenditures for 

 the fiscal year 1879-'80 figured as follows in 

 the budget read by the Minister of Finance at 

 the first session of the Legislature : 



General receipts (ordinary and extraordinary) $50,600,000 

 Slave-liberation fund 450,000 



Total $50,950,000 



EXPENDITURES. 



Ministry of the Interior $4,411.863 



of Foreign Affairs 516,347 



of Finance 2S,48,88a 



of Justice 8389,429 



of Agriculture 10,694,89* 



of War 7,432,114 



of the Navy 6,676,825 



Total $60,669,795 



Deficit $9,609,795 



This deficit it was proposed to provide for 

 by further taxation. 



