94 



BRAZIL. 



BUDDINGTON, WILLIAM I. 



Notwithstanding systematic retrenchment in 

 the various ministerial departments (a distin- 

 guishing feature of the policy of the new Cab- 

 inet), the appropriations demanded are about 

 $7,000,000 in excess of the votes for the same 

 year. Among these appropriations stands an 

 item of $1,800,000 for the redemption of paper 

 money. With regard to assisting planters, the 

 Government asked authorization to apply the 

 necessary sum for guaranteeing the interest 

 and redemption of hypothecated bills to be is- 

 sued by land-banks of loan. The aggregate 

 amount, from all sources, received into the 

 Treasury during the seven years from 1871-'72 

 to 1877-'78 inclusive, to be applied for the lib- 

 eration of slaves, was $4,043,206. 



The national debt was as follows April 30, 

 1879: 



Foreign debt .......................... $79,141,777 



Home debt (funded) ................... 186,784. 850 



Debt before 1827 ...................... 168,367 



Orphans' and other funds .............. 23,706,297 



Treasury notes (at 2, 4, and 6 months) . . 13,627,950 



Paper money (Government notes) ...... 94629,1 77 



Total ............................. $893,058,418 



The imports and exports for the year 1876- 

 '77 were of the values of $77,462,000 and $98,- 

 389,500 respectively. The values of the chief 

 staples of exports in 1876-'77 were as exhib- 

 ited below : 



COMMODITIES. Values. 



Coffee ................................ $56.055,800 



Kaw cotton 



Mat6 (Paraguay tea) . 



Skins 



Tobacco 



India-rubber 



Diamonds 



6,042,800 

 14,996,150 

 1,191,700 

 4,068,600 

 8,487,800 

 5,516,950 

 520,900 



The value of Brazilian exports to the United 

 Kingdom in 1876 was $26,844,675, against 

 $36,053,480 and $47,829,775 in 1874 and 1872 

 respectively. The striking decrease in this 

 trade from year to year during the decade end- 

 ing in 1876 is presumed to be attributable, in 

 part at least, to the progressive development 

 of direct relations with some markets which 

 formerly derived their supplies through Great 

 Britain. No marked change has occurred in 

 the quantity of gold and silver (coin and bul- 

 lion) shipped to the British Isles, the annual 

 value of which varies little from $2,500,000. 

 The mean annual value of the imports from 

 the United Kingdom is about $35,000,000. 



The shipping movements at the various ports 

 of the empire in 1876-'77 were as follows : 



In 1878 there were 1,720 miles of railway in 

 the empire, and 4,250 miles of telegraph, with 



106 offices. The number of dispatches for 1875 

 and 1876 was 119,358. The number of letters 

 transmitted by mail in 1878 was 14,762,144, 

 and the number of post-offices was 1,061. 



Statistics relating to public instruction will 

 be found in the " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1877 

 (p. 78). 



The subjoined brief extract contains the 

 more important matters touched upon in the 

 Emperor's speech at the opening of the Legis- 

 lature on December 15, 1878 : 



"It is pleasing to me to have to announce 

 to you that the public tranquillity which this 

 empire has now enjoyed for so many years has 

 remained undisturbed, thus affording an incon- 

 testable proof of the progress achieved by the 

 spirit of order through the agency of our insti- 

 tutions. The usual friendly relations have like- 

 wise been maintained between Brazil and the 

 foreign Powers. The following diplomatic ar- 

 rangements have been concluded : a postal con- 

 vention with the Eepublic of Chili, an extradi- 

 tion treaty with Germany, an additional extra- 

 dition treaty with Belgium, a consular conven- 

 tion with Spain, and Brazil's adhesion to the 

 International Telegraph Convention, celebrated 

 at St. Petersburg. Unfavorable markets in Eu- 

 rope, the increase in our expenditures, and a 

 heavy drain upon the revenue to relieve suffer- 

 ing provinces, have embarrassed our finances." 



BUDINGTON, Eev. Dr. WILLIAM IVES, a 

 distinguished clergyman of the Congregational 

 order, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, 

 on April 25, 1815, and graduated at Yale Col- 

 lege in 1834. He commenced the study of 

 theology at the school in New Haven, and 

 completed it at Andover Seminary in 1839. 

 In April, 1840, he was installed as pastor of 

 the First Church in Charlestown, Massachu- 

 setts, and remained there until 1854, when he 

 removed to Philadelphia. He expected there 

 to enter upon a pastorate, but his plans were 

 changed in consequence of the death of his 

 wife. In December of the same year the Clin- 

 ton Avenue Congregational Church in Brook- 

 lyn invited him to become its pastor, and he 

 accepted the invitation. The church under 

 his charge became one of the prominent ones 

 in the city. He was self-sacrificing, sympa- 

 thetic, studious, and devoted to the welfare of 

 his people. Decided in his religious convic- 

 tions, he withstood all innovations, and was 

 warmly supported by his people. Thus he 

 continued in good health and vigor until July, 

 1877, when a little sore that appeared on his 

 lip developed into a cancer. It was removed, 

 but subsequently reappeared ; and thus several 

 operations were performed. Meantime he re- 

 signed the active duties of the pastorate, but at 

 the request of the congregation retained the 

 position and emoluments. His disease con- 

 tinued to advance, and a week before his death 

 he began to fail rapidly. The cancer attacked 

 his throat, and it became impossible to give 

 him nourishment. He took to his bed, and 

 for several days suffered intense pain. On 



