CALIFORNIA. 



107 



meridian on the first Monday of March." " All 

 property, except as hereinafter provided, shall 

 be assessed in the county, city and county, 

 city, town, township, or district in which it is 

 situated, in the manner prescribed by law. 

 Tin' franchise, roadway, road-bed, rails, and 

 rolling stock of all railroads operated in more 

 than one county in this State shall be assessed 

 by the State Board of Equalization, at their 

 actual value, and the same shall be apportioned 

 to the counties, cities and counties, cities, 

 towns, townships, and districts in which such 

 railroads are located, in proportion to the num- 

 ber of miles of railway laid in such counties, 

 cities and counties, cities, towns, townships, 

 and districts ; and all other property of rail- 

 roads shall be assessed by the counties in which 

 such property is situated." 



" Income taxes may be assessed to and col- 

 lected from persons, corporations, joint-stock 

 associations or companies resident or doing 

 business in this State, or any one or more of 

 them, in such cases and amounts, and in such 

 manner, as shall be prescribed by law." " The 

 Legislature shall provide for the levy and col- 

 lection of an annual poll-tax of not less than 

 $2 on every male inhabitant of this State, over 

 twenty-one and under sixty years of age, ex- 

 cept paupers, idiots, insane persons, and In- 

 dians not taxed. Said tax shall be paid into 

 the State School Fund." 



" The Legislature shall not, in any manner, 

 create any debt or debts, liability or liabilities, 

 which shall, singly or in the aggregate with 

 any previous debts or liabilities, exceed the 

 sum of three hundred thousand dollars, except 

 in case of war to repel invasion or suppress in- 

 surrection, unless the same shall be authorized 

 by law for some single object or work to be 

 distinctly specified therein, which law shall 

 provide ways and means, exclusive of loans, 

 for the payment of the iuterest of such debt or 

 liability as it falls due, and also to pay and dis- 

 charge the principal of such debt or liability 

 within twenty years of the time of the con- 

 tracting thereof, and shall be irrepealable 

 until tlie principal and interest thereon shall 

 be paid and discharged ; but no such law shall 

 take effect until, at a general election, it shall 

 have been submitted to the people and shall 

 have received a majority of all the votes cast 

 for and against it at such election ; and all 

 moneys raised by authority of such law shall 

 be applied only to the specific object therein 

 stated, or to the payment of the debt thereby 

 created." 



Article XIX. contains the following provi- 

 sions relative to the Chinese : 



SECTION 1. The Legislature shall prescribe all neces- 

 sary regulations for the protection or the State, and the 

 counties, cities, and towns thereof, from the burdens 

 and evils arising from the presence of aliens who are 

 or may become vagrants, paupers, mendicants, crimi- 

 nals, or invalids afflicted with contagious or infec- 

 tious diseases, and from aliens otherwise dangerous or 

 ih'trimental to the well-being or peace of tne State, 

 and to impose conditions upon which such persons 



may reside in the State, and to provide the mean* 

 and mode of their removal from tho 8tat upon luil- 

 ure or refusal to comply with Kuch conditions ; pro- 

 vided, that nothing contained in thU section Khali be 

 construed to impair or limit tho power of the Lcgwla- 

 turo to pass such police laws or other regulation* as it 

 may deem necessary. 



SEC. 2. No corporation now existing or hereafter 

 formed under the laws of this State shall, alter the 

 adoption of this Constitution, employ, directly or in- 

 directly, in any capacity, any Chinese or Mongolian. 

 The Legislature shall par* such laws as may be neces- 

 sary to enforce this provision. 



SEC. 8. No Chinese shall be employed on any State, 

 county, municipal, or other public work, except in 

 punishment for crime. 



SEO. 4. Tho presence of foreigners ineligible to bo- 

 come citizens of the United States is declared to be 

 dangerous to the well-being of the State, and the Legis- 

 lature shall discourage their immigration by all the 

 means within its power. Asiatic coolyism is a form 

 of human slavery, and is for ever prohibited in this 

 State, and all contracts for cooly labor shall bo void. 

 All companies or corporations, whether formed in this 

 country or any foreign country, for the importation 

 of such labor, shall be subject to such penalties as the 

 Legislature may prescribe. The Legislature shall del- 

 egate all necessary power to the incorporated cities 

 and towns of this State for the removal of Chinese 

 without the limits of such cities and towns, or for 

 their location within prescribed portions of those lim- 

 its, and it shall also provide necessary legislation to 

 prohibit the introduction into this State of Chinese 

 after the adoption of this Constitution. This section 

 shall be enforced by appropriate legislation. 



Among the miscellaneous provisions of the 

 Constitution are some new ones. Any citizen 

 of the State "who shall, after the adoption 

 of this Constitution, fight a duel with deadly 

 weapons, or send or accept'a challenge to fight 

 a duel with deadly weapons, either within this 

 State or out of it, or who shall act as second, 

 or knowingly aid or assist in any manner those 

 thus offending, shall not be allowed to hold 

 any office of profit, or to enjoy the right of 

 suffrage under this Constitution." " All prop- 

 erty, real and personal, owned by either hus- 

 band or wife before marriage, and that ac- 

 quired by either of them afterward by gift, 

 devise, or descent, shall be their separate 

 property." " Every person shall be disqualified 

 from holding any office of profit in this State 

 who shall have been convicted of having given 

 or offered a bribe to procure his election or 

 appointment. Laws shall be made to exclude 

 from office, serving on juries, and from the 

 right of suffrage, persons convicted of bribery, 

 per) ury, forgery, malfeasance in office, or other 

 high crimes. The privilege of free suffrage 

 shall be supported by laws regulating elections 

 and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all 

 undue influence thereon from power, bribery, 

 tumult, or other improper practice." "Me- 

 chanics, material men, artisans, and laborers 

 of every class shall have a lien upon the prop- 

 erty upon which they have bestowed labor or 

 furnished material, for the value of such labor 

 done and material furnished ; and the Legisla- 

 ture shall provide by law for the speedy and 

 efficient enforcement of such liens." " Eight 

 hours shall constitute a legal day's work on all 

 public work." " No person shall, on account 



