CAPE COLONY, ETC. 



CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH. 129 



for a conference of delegates from the several 

 colonies to be convened in Cape Town, he 

 called upon the Cape Government, as the prin- 

 cipal colony, at once to submit to its Parlia- 

 ment, then assembled, general proposals for the 

 establishment of a South African Union or 

 Confederation on the lines of the South Afri- 

 can Act of 1877. In the case of rejection of 

 this demand, it was stated that measures ini- 

 tiated with respect to the lately disturbed ter- 

 ritories on the eastern frontier could not be 

 proceeded with ; in other words, that the an- 

 nexation of Galekaland, Tambookicland, and 

 other parts of the Transkei would not be 

 sanctioned. It was further intimated that in 

 future colonists must not rely upon Imperial 

 troops for defense against native attacks or 

 insurrections, and that her Majesty's soldiers 

 would only be permanently placed as a garri- 

 son at or near Cape Town for the protection 

 of the neighboring naval station, this station 

 being of great importance to the interests of 

 the whole Empire. In these circumstances, it 

 was suggested that a regular defensive force be 

 organized for maintaining security on the in- 

 land borders of the several colonies, toward 

 the maintenance of which force Government 

 would be prepared to contribute from Impe- 

 rial funds for a period of five years an annual 

 sum equal to that voted by the Union Legisla- 

 ture, provided a pledge was given by the Cape 

 Parliament to be afterward confirmed by the 

 Union that no further aid would be required 

 from the mother country for military pur- 

 poses. The general disapproval of the treaty 

 which had been made by Sir Garnet Wolseley 

 with the Zooloo chiefs caused the proposition 

 for a confederation to he regarded unfavor- 

 ably, and nothing was done in the colonies 

 with regard to it. 



There were also during the year troubles 

 with the Basutos, and with the Caffres in Pon- 

 doland. Slight engagements were had in both 

 cases, the British coming out victoriously in 

 the end. 



By two proclamations of Sir Bartle Frere, 

 certain portions of the Transkei and No-man's 

 Land were finally incorporated with the Col- 

 ony of the Capo of Good Hope on October 1st. 

 The area defined in the order includes two dis- 

 tinct districts : First, a three-cornered strip of 

 land bordering the east bank of the river Kei, 

 which may be roughly described as being em- 

 braced between that river and its tributary the 

 Gcuwa and the Xwexweni Mountains, includ- 

 ing Fingoland and the Jantywa Reserve, and 

 containing an area of about 1,600 square miles. 

 This territory is to be known as the territory 

 of the Trunskei. The second area, to be known 

 as Griqualand East, includes the territory be- 

 tween the Drakenberg Mountains on the west, 

 the Mataana Mountains on the south, Ama- 



Ipondoland and Alfred County, Natal, on the 

 east, and the Imgwangwane and Umzumkulu 

 rivers on the east. This territory covers about 

 7,000 square miles. 

 VOL. MX. 9 A 

 



CAREY, HENRY CHARLES, a writer on po- 

 litical economy, was born in Philadelphia De- 

 cember 15, 1793, and died October 13, 1879. 

 He was the son of Mathew Carey, once a 

 prominent publisher in Philadelphia. He was 

 brought up in the business of his father, and 

 in 1885, having been successful, withdrew to 

 devote himself to the preparation and publica- 

 tion of works on political economy. His dis- 

 cussions of the relations of labor and capital, I 

 of finance, and other fundamental questions in 

 that science, soon attracted attention both at 

 home and abroad. His books have been repro- 

 duced in Germany, France, Sweden, Italy, Rus- 

 sia, and other European countries. To the 

 close of his life he was the champion of the 

 American protective system, of which his 

 works constitute the most complete exposition. 

 They defend it by a series of facts and an array 

 of figures unsurpassed. He was enthusiastic 

 in his pursuit, and devoted himself to it with 

 great industry and ability. His most important 

 work is his " Past and Present " (3 vols. 8vo, 

 1848), but his works on the general subject to 

 which he gave his life have been very exhaust- 

 ive, covering the period from 1885, the date of 

 his "Essay on Wages," to his paper on the 

 " Unity of Law " in 1878. Mr. Carey was fully 

 recognized the world over as a leading and 

 original writer on political economy, and, while 

 his views were not generally accepted, they 

 were always thought to be too important to 

 escape analysis in the leading treatises on the 

 subject. Mr. Carey led a blameless, genial life, 

 full of work ; and he was highly respected by a 

 large circle of friends. 



CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH, a Senator, mem- 

 ber of the Cabinet, and politician, was born in 

 Bedford, New Hampshire, December 10, 1818, 

 and died suddenly in Ghicago ? November 1, 

 1879. His education was limited to that of 

 the common schools and an academy in hia 

 native State. In 1833 he removed to Detroit 

 and engaged in the dry-goods business, in which 

 he was energetic and successful. In 1851 his 

 public life began by his election as Mayor of 

 Detroit. In 1852 he was nominated for Gov- 

 ernor by the "Whigs, and, although his success 

 was hopeless, the large vote which he received 

 brought him to public notice. Thenceforward 

 he took an active interest in State and nation- 

 al politics. In the winter of 1856-'57 he was 

 elected to the United States Senate, to succeed 

 General Lewis Cass, who had been a distin- 

 guished representative of the State. During 

 this Congress Senator Chandler served as chair- 

 man of the Committee on the District of Co- 

 lumbia and of the Committee on Commerce. 

 It was during this term, on February 11, 1861, 

 that he wrote the famous so-called " blood let- 

 ter," which he acknowledged and defended in 

 one of his latest speeches in the Senate. It can 

 be found in vol. i. (1861) of this work. He was 

 reflected in 1863, and during that term again 

 served as chairman of the Committee on Com- 

 merce, and also on the Committees on Revolu- 



