CHINA. 



COLOMBIA. 



147 



yards of every house in the town, and the 

 heads of families were compelled to burn in- 

 cense once a day before their unwelcome Lares, 

 U-* \\-i-ll ;i- to provide tlu'in with now clothes 

 from head to foot at certain .-.tutcd periods. 

 The Chinese police is instructed to " look up '' 

 any householder proving a defaulter in the 

 performance of these obligatory rites, and to 

 stimulate him to the fulfillment of his duties 

 by every convenient inducement. 



The desire of the Chinese Government to 

 reestablish its rule over all territory that had 

 ever been under its dominion, which had been 

 manifested in the past years in the cases of the 

 Tungani, Kashgaria, Kulja, and even in Bur- 

 mah and Nepaul, also showed itself in the case 

 of the Loochoo Islands, which were claimed 

 and occupied by Japan. Although the author- 

 ity of China in these islands had long been 

 merely nominal, it resented their occupation 

 by Japan, and serious difficulties between these 

 two countries seemed to be imminent. (See 

 JAPAN.) 



A treaty was concluded with Spain relating 

 to the condition of the Chinese in Cuba, and 

 a special embassy was sent to that island. 

 (See SPAIN.) 



Twenty-six Protestant missionary societies 

 have agents and churches in China. Ten of 

 them are American, one is Canadian, thirteen 

 are British, and two are Continental societies. 

 The missions have grown very fast within a 

 few years. The most careful estimate that has 

 been made of their aggregate force showed 

 that in 1877 there were connected with them 

 91 stations, 431 out-stations, 312 churches, 

 473 missionaries and missionaries' wives, and 

 13,035 communicants. Later reports from only 

 a part of the societies make the number of 

 missionaries and assistants not less than 938, 

 and of communicants 16,335, showing an in- 

 crease of more than 10,500 communicants since 

 1868, when the number was 5,743, or of about 

 one thousand a year. The principal denomina- 

 tions are represented in the missions, each by 

 two or more societies, as follows : Baptist, 85 

 missionaries and assistants, 1,819 members; 

 Congregationalist, 53 missionaries and preach- 

 ers, 2,986 members ; Episcopal and Anglican, 

 173 preaching agents, 1,330 members ; Meth- 

 odist, 149 missionaries and assistants, 2,860 

 members ; Presbyterian (with which is in- 

 cluded the Reformed Church in America), 213 

 preachers, 2,687 members; undenominational 

 missions, 99 agents, 905 members ; Continen- 

 tal Lutheran and Reformed missions, 79 mis- 

 sionaries and assistants, 1,748 members. Ed- 

 ucational work has not been prosecuted by the 

 missionaries as rapidly as the organization of 

 churches, and appears less prominent than do 

 the educational efforts of missionaries in other 

 fields. The reports to the Shanghai Missionary 

 Conference in 1877 gave 207 boarding and day 

 schools for boys, and 120 for girls, with a total 

 of 5,680 pupils; 20 theological schools, with 

 231 students; 115 Sunday-schools, with 2,605 



scholars and 290 school-teachers. Missiona- 

 ries have been employed as professors in the 

 Imperial College at Peking, and the Protestant 

 Episcopal Church is endeavoring to establish a 

 missionary college at Shanghai. One thousand 

 and seventy-six religious and more than two 

 hundred secular publications, in the general 

 language and eleven dialects, were issued from 

 the missionary presses between 1810 and 1875. 

 Sixteen missionary hospitals reported 8,730 in- 

 patients treated and 87,505 applications from 

 out-patients in 1876, besides which 41,281 cases 

 were administered to in the same year in 24 

 missionary dispensaries. 



COLLINS, Judge TUOMAS WHABTON, born 

 in Louisiana, June 23, 1812, died November 

 3, 1879. He was admitted to the bar in 1833. 

 Though self-educated, he was a man of great 

 attainments. He was a remarkable linguist. 

 In 1834 he was appointed French and Spanish 

 translator to the State Senate. After this he 

 edited the " True American." He was Chief 

 Deputy Clerk of the United States District and 

 Circuit Court of Louisiana from 1836 to 1838; 

 District Attorney for New Orleans from 1840 

 to 1842 ; Judge of the City Court of New Or- 

 leans from 1842 to 1846. In 1852 he was a 

 member of the Constitutional Convention. In 

 1856 he was elected, by a majority of 5,000 

 votes, Judge of the First District Court of the 

 Parish of Orleans. At the close of the war in 

 1865 he resumed the practice of the law. In 

 1867 he was made Judge of the Seventh Dis- 

 trict Court, which position he retained until 

 that court was abolished. He was the author 

 of " Humanics," " The Eden of Labor," and of 

 various political, scientific, and ethical essays. 



COLOMBIA (ESTADOS UNIDOS DK COLOM- 

 BIA).* The President of the Republic is Gen- 

 eral Trujillo (inaugurated April 1, 1878) ; and 

 the Cabinet is composed of the following Min- 

 isters : Interior and Foreign Affairs, Dr. An- 

 cizar (1879) ; Finance and Public Works, Dr. 

 Wilson (1879); Treasury and National Cred- 

 it, Sefior S. Camacho Roldan ; War and Ma- 

 rine, Sefior M. Hurtado. 



The chief magistrates of the nine States 

 are: Antioquia, General T. Renjifo; Bolivar, 

 Sefior B. Noguera ; Boyacd, Sefior J. E. Ota- 

 lora ; Cauca, Sefior M. Garces ; Cnndinamarca, 

 Sefior D. Delgado ; Magdalena, Sefior L. A. 

 Robles; Panama, Sefior B. Correoso; San- 

 tandor, Sefior M. A. Estrada; Tolima, Dr. J. 

 Manique. There is at present no Colombian 

 Minister accredited to the United States. The 

 Colombian Consul-General in New York is 

 Sefior Miguel Salgar. The United States Min- 

 ister Resident at Bogota is Hon. E. Deichman. 



The strength of the Federal army in time 

 of peace is 8,000 ; in time of war, each of the 

 States is required to furnish a contingent of 

 one per cent, of its population. 



The subjoined table exhibits the amount and 



* For territorial divisions, and detailed statistics concerning 

 area, population, etc., reference mar bo made to the Annual 

 Cyclopaedia" for 1874and 137T. 



