270 



CONGRESS, UNITED STATES. 



Richardson, Richmond, Boss, Rothwell, John "W. 

 Ryon, Samford, Sawyer, Scales. 0. R. Singleton, 

 Siemens, Hezekiah B. Smith, "William E. Smith, 

 Sparks, Speer, Springer, Steele, Stephens, Stevenson, 

 Taylor, Thompson, Tillman, R. W. Townshend, Os- 

 car Turner, Thomas Turner, Vance, Waddill, War- 

 ner, Weaver, Wellborn, Wells, Whiteaker, Whit- 

 thorne, Thomas Williams, WiUis, Wise, Fernando 

 Wood, Wright, Yocum 124. 



NAYS N. W. Aldrich, William Aldrich, Ander- 

 son, Bayne, Belford, Bingham, Blake, Bowman, Boyd, 

 Brewer, Briggs, Brigham, Browne. Burrows, Cannon, 

 Carpenter, Caswell, Chittenden, Claflin,Conger, Cow- 

 gill, Crapo.Daggett, George R. Davis, Deering, Dun- 

 nell, Farr, Ferdon, Field, Fisher, Fort, Frye, Garfield, 

 Godshalk, Harmer, Benjamin W. Harris, Haskell, 

 Hawk. Hawley, Hayes, Heilman, Horr, Houk, Hub- 

 bell, Humphrey, Joyce, Keifer, Killinger, Lindsey, 

 Marshj Mason. McCoid, McCook, McGowan, McKin- 

 ley, Mitchell. Monroe, Morton, Neal, Newberry, Nor- 

 cross, O'Neill. Overton, Pierce, Pound. Prescott, Reed, 

 Rice, D. P. Richardson, Robeson, William A. Rus- 

 sell, Thomas Ryan, Shallenberger, Sherwin, A. Herr 

 Smith, Stone, Tyler, J. T. Updegraff, Thomas Upde- 

 graff, Valentine, Van Aernam, Van Voorhis, Voorhis, 

 Wait, Ward, Washburn, White, C. G. Williams, Wal- 

 ter A. Wood, Thomas L. Young 90. 



NOT VOTING Atherton, Atkins, Bachman, Bailey, 

 Baker, Ballou, Barber, Barlow. Beale, Bland, Bragg, 

 Butterworth, Calkins, Camp, Clardy, Alvah A. Clark, 

 Cook, Crowley, Joseph J. Davis, Dick, Dwight, Ein- 

 Btein. Errett, Finley, Hall, John Hammond, Hatch, 

 Hazelton, Henderson. Hiscock, Hull, Hunton, James, 



Osmer, Phelps, Price, Robertson, Robinson, Daniel 

 L. Russell, Sapp, Shelley, Simonton, J. W. Single- 

 ton,Starin,Tarbott. Thomas, Amos Townsend, Tuck- 

 er, Urner, Wilber, Willits, Wilson, Casey Young 71. 



So the bill was passed. 



In the Senate, on May 8th, the bill was con- 

 sidered. 



Mr. Elaine of Maine said: "I gave notice of 

 an amendment to this bill, which I should be 

 glad to have read and ordered to be printed." 



The Chief Clerk read as follows : 



SEO. 2. Any person who shall carry a concealed 

 deadly weapon at any place ; or within a mile of any 

 place where a general or special election for Represent- 

 ative to Congress is being held, shall, on conviction 

 thereof, be punished with a fine not less than five 

 hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, or with 

 imprisonment for a period not less than six months 

 nor more than five vears ; or with both fine and im- 

 prisonment, at the discretion of the court. 



Mr. Elaine: "I withdraw my amendment 

 for the present." 



The bill was reported to the Senate without 

 amendment. 



The President pro tempore : "If there be no 

 amendment in the Senate the question is, Shall 

 the bill be read the third time ? " 



Mr. Elaine: "Mr. President, I want to 

 make a single remark on the bill itself, if there 

 is to be a vote upon it. I desire simply to put 

 a punctuation point in the progress of things 

 as they are now going on, and that punctuation 

 point is to mark the high tide which the ancient 

 doctrine of State rights is reaching in this 

 Chamber and in this Congress. That question 

 has engaged the attention of the American 

 people for just about fifty years. It has had 



its ups and downs, its victories and its defeats. 

 It was strangled for the time by Jackson ; it 

 was dallied with by Van Buren ; it rose to full 

 strength under Polk and Pierce and Buchanan ; 

 it marshaled itself for a deadly struggle under 

 Breckenridge ; and if I mistake not a majority 

 of Senators who sit on that side of the Cham- 

 ber supported Breckenridge when he embodied 

 that deadly heresy. In whatever there was in 

 the issue between Calhoun and Jackson, that 

 side of the Senate Chamber represents Calhoun. 

 "Whatever there was in the contest dividing the 

 Democratic party between Breckenridge and 

 Douglas that side of the Chamber represents 

 all the evil there was in the politics of Breck- 

 enridge. And I desire here to affirm and point 

 out that there never was before the rebellion, 

 there never was at any time in the history of 

 the country, any such assertion of State rights, 

 any such assertion of mastery of the State 

 Government over the Federal Government in 

 its own domain, as is here asserted by the 

 heirs lineal of Calhoun and of Brecken- 

 ridge. 



"I shall not debate this bill. It were use- 

 less. It has been exhaustively debated. The 

 whole measure is a removal of the Federal 

 Government from its proper domain, and the 

 installation of the States into degrees of pow- 

 er that were not dreamed of by Calhoun and 

 were not asserted by Breckenridge. We 

 thought there had been something gained on 

 this question in a costly war and in amend- 

 ments to the Constitution. But the tide as it 

 now sweeps is on the ebb, and the power of 

 the Federal Government was never so weak 

 as these laws and these proceedings will make 

 it. 



Pass this bill. While warning off all inter- 

 ference or control of the Federal Government, 

 you voted down on the other bill a proposition 

 that armed men should not come to the polls. 

 You voted down on the other bill a proposition 

 that armed men should not come to the polls 

 with the express intent of interfering with the 

 rights of voters, and you did it under the pal- 

 try quibble that it was not within the consti- 

 tutional power of the United States Govern- 

 ment to warn bloody-handed ruffians from the 

 polls where the Kepresentatives in the Fed- 

 eral Congress were being chosen. 



" Pass this bill. Pass it as the triumph of 

 the reactionary party against the spirit of 

 the Union. Pass it in defiance of all the les- 

 sons and all the teachings that have come 

 from a bloody and abortive rebellion. Pass it, 

 and mark it as the high tide of that reaction 

 which were it to rise higher could lead only to 

 another and more formidable rebellion against 

 the legitimate authority of the Union." 



Mr. Chandler of Michigan: "History, Mr. 

 President, is repeating itself. It has been said 

 that the old Bourbons learned nothing and for- 

 got nothing. This is more preeminently true 

 with the old Bourbons of Democracy in Amer- 

 ica. In 1851 the Bourbons had absolute con- 



