FOLEY, THOMAS. 



FORMATION OF MOUNTAINS. 379 



John B. Floyd. Her grandmother was Eliza- 

 I't-th Henry, the sister of the famous orator 

 I'.-itrick lli'iiry, and the wife of General Wil- 

 liam Campbell, who commanded at the battle 

 ot' King's Mountain in the Revolutionary war. 

 Their only child, a daughter, became the wife 

 >f (Jem-nil Frank Preston of Abmgdon, who 

 was a member of the first three Congresses. 

 Their children were all more or less distin- 

 guished. One son, Mrs. Floyd's brother, wns 

 William ('. 1'rrston, Senator from South Caro- 

 lina, of which State he had become a resident. 

 In the Senate, some years before the late war, 

 he was one of the most eloquent speakers. 

 She was a sister of Colonel John S. Preston, 

 the Commissioner of South Carolina to Vir- 

 ginia in 18'51. Mrs. Floyd was also the last of 

 a family of distinguished sisters, viz. : Eliza, 

 wife of General Edward C. Carrington of Hali- 

 fax County, Va. ; Susan, wife of Governor 

 James McDowell of Lexington. Va. ; Sophonis- 

 ba, wife of Rev. Robert J. Breckenridge, D. D., 

 of Lexington, Ky. ; Maria, wife of John M. 

 Preston of Washington County, Va. ; and Mar- 

 garet, wife of General (now Senator) Wade 

 Hampton of South Carolina. Mrs. Floyd had 

 no children, but early adopted two orphaned 

 relatives of both herself and her husband 

 John Preston Johnston, afterward a gallant 

 young artillery-officer of the army, who was 

 killed on the field of battle at Contreras in 

 the Mexican war, and his sister, Mrs. Judge 

 Hughes of Norfolk. 



FOLEY, THOMAS, D. D., born in Baltimore, 

 Md., March 6, 1822, died in Chicago, 111., Feb- 

 ruary 19, 1879. His education was obtained 

 at St. Mary's College, Baltimore, and the 

 Theological Seminary of St. Sulpice, where he 

 was ordained a priest on August 16, 1846. Sub- 

 sequently he was appointed to take charge of 

 the Catholic missions in Montgomery County, 

 Md., officiating there four months. He was 

 mado assistant pastor of St. Patrick's in Wash- 

 ington, D. C., his senior being the venerable 

 Father Matthews. In that parish he passed 

 two years, and was then called to the Balti- 

 more Cathedral, where he labored twenty-two 

 years. In 1851 he became secretary to Arch- 

 bishop Kenrick, and was also Chancellor of 

 the archdiocese of Baltimore ; while later he 

 hsid similar positions under the late Arch- 

 bishop Spalding. In 1867 he became Vicar- 

 General of the archdiocese of Baltimore. In 

 18t>9 he was appointed by Pius IX. coadjutor 

 of the Bishop of Chicago and administrator of 

 that diocese. He was consecrated Bishop of 

 Pergarnus in partibtis infidelivm at the Cathe- 

 dral of Baltimore, February 27, 1870, Bishop 

 Dnggan of Chicago having retired on account 

 of infirm health. Bishop Foley was then in 

 the forty-seventh year of his age and the full 

 vigor of life. Of commanding stature, he pos- 

 sessed at the same time benignant and winning 

 manners. Physically he was a splendid type 

 of manhood, and his virtues and piety endeared 

 him to hosts of friends in Baltimore, irrespec- 



tive of religious faith or predilection. ' He 

 was also a man of great capacity for buimieM, 

 and his enterprise was proverbial. After he 

 become administrator he erected twenty-five 

 churches, schools, etc., and saw various other 

 institutions come into existence under his be- 

 nign rule. The great work of his life waft the 

 rebuilding of the Cathedral of the Holy Name. 

 To raise this edifice from its ashes cost nearly 

 $800,000, and it is one of the finest churches 

 in the country, and the largest and most costly 

 edifice of the kind in Chicago. As an orator 

 he was exceedingly graceful and persuasive, 

 and on this account he was selected to deliver 

 discourses on several occasions of public inter- 

 est. A severe cold increased to pneumonia, 

 which became typhoid, and was so aggravated 

 by abdominal inflammation that his physical 

 system could not hold out, and he quietly and 

 peacefully passed away. In the Legislature of 

 Illinois, which was in session at the time of 

 his death, a resolution was adopted, stating 

 that the death of this eminent Catholic prelate 

 is learned with deep regret, recognizing that 

 in his death the Catholic citizens of the State 

 have lost an able and dignified executive, and 

 a divine who was beloved by people of all de- 

 nominations for his sanctity, piety, and true 

 Christian charity, and closing by expressing 

 sympathy with the Catholic people of Chicago 

 and the family of the late Bishop. 



FORMATION OF MOUNTAINS. One of 

 the most controverted subjects in dynamical 

 geology has been the problem of the formation 

 of the mountain groups, plateaus, ridges, and 

 sierras which form a prominent feature in 

 every continent, producing some of the mete- 

 orological conditions which are most favorable 

 to life, and which vary not less the profile of 

 the submerged portions of the earth's surface, 

 the higher elevations forming the rows and 

 groups of islands which dot the sea. Dis- 

 tinct from these great symmetrical congeries 

 of rocky elevations are the mountains of vol- 

 canic origin, formed by the outpouring of mol- 

 ten rock through craters, which are usually of 

 a conical form and stand isolated or in rows 

 without connecting ridges, and also the inferior 

 eminences which have been left after glacial 

 action and denudation have swept away the 

 materials between them. The mountain sys- 

 tems are generally supposed to be corrugations 

 which have resulted from the contraction of 

 the earth's mass. This is now the accepted 

 theory ; but there is still some dispute as to 

 the effects of the contraction, some holding 

 that the elevations are produced by forces 

 which draw the intervening mineral masses 

 inward, some that they are upheaved by forces 

 pushing them outward, and a third and more 

 numerous school believinir that the direction 

 of the dynamic forces is lateral, and that the 

 elevated masses are the plications produced by 

 horizontal comprosion attending the secular 

 subsidence of the earth's crust. Professor Al- 

 phons.- Favre of Geneva has recently terminated 



