386 



FRANCE. 



to depositors 769,034,686 francs. According 

 to a report of the Minister of Commerce on the 

 savings banks in France, the number of depos- 

 itors in 1870, before the war, was 2,130,000; 

 in 1872, 2,016,000; in 1875, 2,642,000; in 1877, 

 2,863,000 ; and in 1878, over 3,000,000. The 

 deposits in this interval rose correspondingly 

 from 711,000,000f. in 1870 to 1,010,000,0001 

 in 1878. From 1851 to 1870 (18 year's) the 

 whole progress made was 1,500,000 in the case 

 of the number of depositors, and 553,000,000f. 

 as regards the deposits. 



The French colonies and dependencies had, 

 according to the latest official reports, the fol- 

 lowing area and population : 



The resignation of General Borel, the Minis- 

 ter of War, was accepted on January 13th, and 

 General Gresley was appointed in his place. 

 General Gresley was formerly head of the War- 

 Office General Staff, and some of the most im- 

 portant military reforms, particularly the or- 

 ganization of the territorial army, are attrib- 

 uted to him. On February 5th a new Cabinet 

 was formed as follows : M. Waddington, Presi- 



dent of the Council and Minister for Foreign 

 Affairs ; Lfion Say, Finance ; M. de Marcere, 

 Interior ; M. Leroyer, Justice ; Jules Ferry, 

 Public Instruction and Fine Arts ; M. Lepere, 

 Agriculture; M. de Freycinet, Public Works; 

 General Gresley, War ; and Admiral Jnuregui- 

 berry, Marine. On March 3d M. de Marcere 

 resigned, and was replaced by M. Lepere, who 

 was succeeded by M. Tirard in the department 

 of Agriculture. This Cabinet was succeeded 

 on December 28th by that of M. de Freycinet 

 (see above). For a biographical sketch of Frey- 

 cinet, see FREYCINET. 



CAZOT, THEODORE JCLES JOSEPH, Minister of 

 Justice, was born February 11, 1821. In 1870 

 he was Secretary of the Home Ministry, accom- 

 panied the delegation to Tours and Bordeaux, 

 and followed Gambetta in his retreat. He was 

 elected to the Senate from the department of 

 Gard in 1876, and is a member of the Extreme 

 Left. 



LEPERE, EDME CHARLES PHILIPPE, Minister 

 of the Interior, was born February 1, 1823. 

 He was a member of the National Assembly of 

 1871, and in 1876 was elected to the Chamber 

 of Deputies from the department of Yonne, and 

 has retained bis seat at each succeeding elec- 

 tion. He is a member of the Extreme Left, 

 and was for a long time President of the Re- 

 publican Union. He was also at one time Vice- 

 President of the Chamber, and held the same 

 position he now holds in the Waddington Cabi- 

 net. 



MAGXIK, JOSEPH, Minister of Finance, was 

 born January 1, 1824. He was chosen Minis- 

 ter of Commerce and Agriculture, September 

 4, 1870, and rendered valuable services to Paris 

 during the siege. He was elected a Life Sena- 

 tor in 1875, and belongs to the Republican 

 Left. (See " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1875, 

 page 321.) 



VARROY, HEXRI AUGUSTS, Minister of Public 

 Works, was born March 25, 1826. He is well 

 known as an able engineer, was a member of 

 the National Assembly, and was elected to the 

 Senate from Meurthe-et-Moselle in 1876. He 

 has always voted with the Republican Left. 



FARRE, General, Minister of War, was born 

 in 1816. He belongs to neither Chamber. He 

 was selected for the post he now holds in the 

 Dufaure Cabinet when General Borel resigned, 

 and was put forward by M. Gambetta ; but 

 Marshal MacMahon refused to appoint him, as 

 he had never held the position of chief of an 

 army corps. 



JAUREGUIBERRY, Admiral, Minister of the 

 Navy, is a member of the Senate, of which he 

 was elected a life-member on May 27, 1879. 



TIRARD, PIERRE EMMAXUEL, Minister of Com- 

 merce, was born September 27, 1827. He was 

 a member of the Commune, but resigned at 

 the first session ; was a member of the Nation- 

 al Assembly for Paris, and afterward of the 

 Chamber of Deputies ; and always acted with 

 the Left, belonging to the Republican Union. 



COOHERY, Louis ADOLPHE, Minister of Posts 



