394 



FRANCE. 



FREYCINET, C. L. DE S. DE. 



then went direct to the Elysde and offered his 

 resignation, which was followed by that of the 

 entire Cabinet. Messrs. Waddington, L6on 

 Say, and De Freycinet were all called upon to 

 form a new Cabinet. The negotiations con- 

 tinued for several days, until on the 28th a 

 Cabinet under M. de Freycinet (see FKEYCINET) 

 was formed, composed entirely of members of 

 the Republican Union and of the Republican 

 Left, and excluding the Left Center. This 

 Cabinet was regarded as a victory of Gam- 

 betta over Grevy, as all its members are strong 

 friends of the former, and the majority of 

 them were members of the Government of Na- 

 tional Defense at Tours. On the other hand, 

 President GreVy desired to retain Messrs. 

 Waddington and Say, who are members of the 

 Left Center, but finally yielded to M. Gam- 

 betta. 



The death of the Prince Imperial in South 

 Africa (see BONAPARTE) led to considerable 

 speculation as to who should in future be the 

 recognized leader of the party, and in the event 

 of a restoration of the Empire should become 

 Emperor. Article IV. of Chapter II. of the se~ 

 natus consultum of 1870 declared: " In default 

 of a legitimate or adopted heir, Prince Napo- 

 leon Bonaparte and his direct heirs, natural 

 and legitimate, from male to male by order of 

 primogeniture, and to the perpetual exclusion 

 of women and their descendants, are called to 

 the throne." (See "Annual Cyclopaedia " for 

 1870, page 311.) But the Prince Imperial in 

 his last will had designated the oldest son of 

 Prince Napoleon, Prince Victor, as his succes- 

 sor. This caused dissensions to arise in the 

 party, one section looking to Prince Napoleon 

 as the new head of the family, while others, in 

 accordance with the last will of the Prince 

 Imperial, recognized Prince Victor as such. 

 Among those who took the latter view were 

 several of the most influential members of 

 the party, including M. Paul de Cassagnac. 

 Prince Napoleon, who at first was more un- 

 concerned than his own followers, took a de- 

 cided stand in the beginning of November, and 

 constituted his " pretendential " household with 

 a care denoting a resolution to depart from his 

 previous attitude of indifference. 



The anniversary of the Count de Cham- 

 bord's birth, which took place September 29, 

 1820, was selected as the occasion of a great 

 Legitimist manifestation. Encouraged by the 

 death of the Prince Imperial, and by the mo- 

 mentary extinction of Bonapartist hopes, the 

 leaders of the party resolved to celebrate the 

 birthday of Henry V. by banquets in twenty 

 arrondissernents of Paris, and also at Dijon, 

 capital of the department of Cote-d'Or, where 

 the Princes of Cond6 had their palace and the 

 earlier of the Bourbon kings their castle; at 

 Marseilles, which has never shown strong al- 

 legiance to the family; at Perpignan, in the 

 Pyr6n6es-Orientales ; at Montauban, capital of 

 Tarn-et-Garonne, one of the first towns to 

 embrace the Reformation, and consequently 



one of the most subject to royalist persecution: 

 and at Chambord, a village near Blois, from 

 whose castle, presented by Louis XV. to Mar- 

 shal Saxe, and by Louis XVI. to the family of 

 Polignac, the self-styled Henry V. took his 

 best-known name. The price of tickets to the 

 banquets was fixed at five francs. By setting 

 the price so low, the leaders hoped to at- 

 tract orators from the working classes and 

 partisans from the disaffected of every stripe. 

 The menus of all the banquets were precisely 

 identical, having on one side the subscriber's 

 name, on the other a photograph of Henry V. 

 To avoid the possibility of dissension or dis- 

 turbance from such troublesome Orleanists as 

 M. Herv6 of the "^oleil," it was agreed that 

 no speeches should be delivered, and that the 

 toasts should be replaced by addressess to 

 Chambord, uniform in text, expressing devo- 

 tion to the Count and his cause, and to be read 

 precisely at the same hour at the banquets, 

 by delegates named beforehand. The most 

 notable of the Parisian banquets were held in 

 the Faubourg St. Germain, the Champs Ely- 

 s6es, the Palais lioyal, the Marais, at Montmar- 

 tre, Belleville, Menilmontant, Passy, and Cha- 

 renton. Notwithstanding the prohibition, there 

 were personal toasts and speeches at all the cel- 

 ebrations. The Ferry education bill was the 

 principal theme of denunciation. The gather- 

 ings comprised, as was intended, all classes, from 

 the workingman to the noble. To the other 

 banquets in the provinces, at Bordeaux and 

 Marseilles, and Perpignnn, Poitiers, and the 

 rest, crowds came from all parts of the coun- 

 try. At Chambord service was held at noon 

 in the beautiful village church. The banquet 

 was attended by a large number of Senators 

 and Deputies, and a number of enthusiastic 

 speeches were made. 



FREYCINET, CHAELES Louis DE SATILOES 

 DE, a French statesman, born in 1828. He 

 was educated at the Polytechnic School, and 

 graduated in 1848, the fourth in his class. In 

 the same year he was appointed Engineer of 

 Mines at Mont-de-Marsan, in 1854 at Chartres, 

 and in 1855 at Bordeaux. In 1856 he was ap- 

 pointed chef Sexploitation (manager) by the 

 Railway Company of the South. He held this 

 important office for five years, and left a set of 

 orders and regulations which are in force to 

 the present day, and have to a great extent 

 been adopted by the other railroad companies. 

 It was at this period that he published his 

 works, "Trait6 de M6canique rationelle," 

 "Etude sur 1' Analyse infinit6simale," and 

 " Th6orie Math6matiqne sur la Defense des 

 Rampes de Chemins de Fer." Having reentered 

 the service of the Government, he was charged 

 during several years with a series of scientific 

 and industrial missions, the results of which 

 were published in official reports, several of 

 which were awarded premiums by the In- 

 stitute. In 1870, after the revolution of Sep- 

 tember 4th, he was appointed by the Govern- 

 ment of National Defense Prefect of Tarn-et- 



