396 



GARRISON, WILLIAM L. 



The Friends of England support, at an an- 

 nual outlay of about 6,000, three missions, 

 viz., one in Madagascar, one in Hoshungabad, 

 India, and one in Syria. The mission in Mada- 

 gascar includes many schools and about one 

 hundred congregations. The preaching is al- 

 most entirely by natives. In India, the work 

 is carried on by three missionaries, and two 

 native converts were reported in 1878. The 

 Syrian mission embraces stations at Ramallah, 

 near Jerusalem, and at Brumana, on Mount 

 Lebanon, with schools. The meeting at Bru- 

 mana has fourteen members. 



The Yearly Meeting of Friends in Ireland 

 was begun April 30th. The meeting decided 

 not to adopt the changes which the London 



Yearly Meeting had some years before made in 

 the constitution of the Meeting of Ministers 

 and Elders, but determined to retain its Meet- 

 ing of Ministers and Elders intact, and also to 

 institute an Overseers' Meeting. It advised 

 that the Meeting of Ministers and Elders and 

 the Overseers' Meeting should hold a confer- 

 ence at least once in three months, to consider 

 the care of their flocks. It also decided that 

 elders and overseers should be appointed, not 

 as formerly for life, but once in three years. 

 A minute was approved, recognizing the right 

 as having always existed, under the direc- 

 tion of the Holy Spirit and subject to the 

 judgment of the Church, to use the Bible in 

 worship. 



G 



GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD, an editor and 

 abolitionist, born at Newburyport, Massachu- 

 setts, December 12, 1804, diedin New York, May 

 24, 1879. The early loss of his father and the 

 straitened circumstances of his mother made 

 it necessary to place him as an apprentice to a 

 shoemaker at the age of ten years, and subse- 

 quently to the publisher of the " Newburyport 

 Herald." At the age of eighteen he began to 

 write some pieces for the paper. After the ter- 

 mination of his apprenticeship he was connect- 

 ed in an editorial capacity with several news- 

 papers, notably the "Journal of the Times," 

 at Bennington, Vermont, in 1828, when he ad- 

 vocated the reelection of John Quincy Adams 

 to the Presidency, supported Mr. Clay's Amer- 

 ican system, and took advanced ground on the 

 questions of international peace, total absti- 

 nence from intoxicating drinks, and the ulti- 

 mate abolition of negro slavery. His views on 

 the last-named subject led to his association 

 with Benjamin Lundy, the Quaker philanthro- 

 pist, in conducting the "Genius of Universal 

 Emancipation " at Baltimore. Mr. Lundy had 

 participated in the memorable struggle of 1820 

 -'21 against the admission of Missouri to the 

 Union as a slaveholding State. The fire then 

 kindled in his bosom had never gone out. He 

 had started the paper above mentioned seven 

 years previous to his knowledge of Garrison. 

 He favored the gradual emancipation of the 

 colored race, and was a moderate advocate of 

 their colonization in Africa. Garrison was for 

 immediate abolition, and against colonization. 

 He became joint editor of the "Genius" with 

 Lundy in the fall of 1829. In 1830 he was con- 

 victed of a libel on Captain Francis Todd, for 

 denouncing as a "domestic piracy" the action 

 of the ship Francis in carrying slaves from 

 Baltimore to New Orleans, and sentenced to 

 pay a fine of $50 and costs. He was unable 

 to pay the costs, and was put into jail. The 

 owner of the ship also obtained judgment of 

 $1,000 damages in a civil suit, but it was never 

 enforced. His arrest and imprisonment created 



much excitement. He remained in jail forty- 

 nine days, when he was released by the pay- 

 ment of his tine by Arthur Tappan, who thus 

 anticipated by a few days a like generous pur- 

 pose on the part of Henry Clay of Kentucky. 

 Mr. Garrison now commenced a lecturing 

 tour on emancipation, with the hope of ob- 

 taining means to establish an abolition journal 

 of his own. He lectured in New York, Phila- 

 delphia, New Haven, Hartford, and Boston. 

 His intention was to commence his publica- 

 tion in Washington, but it was finally located 

 in Boston. The intelligent sentiment of the 

 country at this time was antislavery, and such 

 it had been from the close of the war of the 

 Revolution. The constitutional provision that 

 the importation of slaves might cease after 

 1808 ; the donation of the immense North- 

 western Territory by Virginia to the Union 

 on the express condition that slavery and in- 

 voluntary servitude, except for crime, should 

 be there unknown ; the gradual but complete 

 emancipation which had taken place in all the 

 Northern States above Maryland ; the estab- 

 lishment of the Missouri compromise line; the 

 passage of an emancipation bill through one 

 House of the Virginia Legislature, and its bare 

 failure on a second trial in the other ; move- 

 ments in Kentucky looking forward to ulti- 

 mate liberation of the slaves ; the frequent 

 acts of emancipation by individual masters 

 these were all undeniable facts of history. In 

 1809 the importation of slaves from Africa 

 ceased, and in the ensuing short period of 

 twenty years all these facts, except the dona- 

 tion of Virginia and some State emancipa- 

 tions, had followed. Such was the sentiment 

 and such the progress of the country. Inci- 

 dent thereto, not a drop of blood had been 

 shed, nor a life lost. On January 1, 1831, Mr. 

 Garrison commenced the publication of the 

 " Liberator." It struggled for existence for 

 some time, but gradually secured kindred in- 

 strumentalities by which it was carried along. 

 A weekly paper, advocating simple emancipa- 



