GEORGIA. 



GERMANY. 



fifty pounds of liquid ammonia are stored in a 

 very strong iron cylinder, and this is connect- 

 ed with u coil of pipes immersed in a tank of 

 strong brine; into this brine galvanized iron 

 cans holding pure water are placed, and these 

 cans are of the size of the blocks of ice which 

 are formed. The liquid ammonia is allowed to 

 flow through these coils, and it gradually be- 

 comes gaseous, and in becoming so abstracts 

 from the water so much heat that it speedily 

 freezes. A powerful steam-pump forces the 

 gaseous ammonia back into the iron cylinder 

 again, thus liberating great heat, which is dis- 

 posed of by cold water dropping upon coils of 

 pipes through which the ammonia passes on 

 its way to the condenser. The process is a 

 continuous one, and if the pumps and coils do 

 not leak, there is no loss, and the operation 

 may go on so long aa the machinery lasts. 

 The ice is sold for half a cent a pound." 



The receipts of cotton at Savannah in the 

 year 1878-'79 amounted to 694,611 bales, an 

 increase over the previous year of 82,639 bales, 

 and of 217,477 bales over 1876-77. The re- 

 ceipts of rice amounted to 81,357 casks, of 

 which 24,469 casks were exported. In naval 

 stores the statistics embrace portions of the 

 two naval seasons the latter part of 1878 and 

 the first of 1879. The aggregate receipts were 

 177,447 barrels rosin and 34,368 barrels spirits 

 turpentine, against 177,104 barrels rosin and 

 81,138 barrels spirits turpentine in 1878 a 

 small increase. In dry-goods the domestics 

 manufactured in Georgia are said to have 

 driven from the market all other goods of the 

 same class. 



At the beginning of the late war the Gen- 

 eral Government levied a direct tax of $20,- 

 000,000 upon the States for the purpose of 

 conducting the war. The seceded States were 

 regularly charged with their proportion, which 

 in the case of Georgia amounted to $584,000, 

 and about the same for Kentucky, Tennes- 

 sae, Virginia, etc. Six per cent, interest was 

 charged to this amount for each year from its 

 assessment. After the war special agents were 

 sent into the various States to collect it. These 

 agents took the State tax-books and proceeded 

 directly against the tax-payers. In Georgia 

 $86,500 were collected in one year. In South 

 Carolina the whole amount due was collected, 

 enough lands being sold to have paid five times 

 the amount. The Arlington estate was sold 

 under the operation of this levy, and the tax- 

 payers of every State have been forced to pay 

 something. About ten years ago the collec- 

 tion was suspended, and the State governments 

 have been held liable for the amounts. All 

 claims of these States when allowed by Con- 

 gress have been credited against this indebted- 

 ness. Recently, the ruling of the Treasury 

 has been revised, and the charges against the 

 States have been marked off, which releases 

 Georgia from nearly a million dollars, and the 

 other States from large amounts. The posi- 

 tion taken was, that a State could not be as- 



sessed or taxed in its sovereign capacity, bat 

 that all assessments must be against the indi- 

 vidual tax-payers. 



GERMANY, an empire in Europe, recstab- 

 li>lR-d January 18, 1871. The Emperor, Wil- 

 liam I., was born March 22, 1797, and was mar- 

 ried June 11, 1829, to Augusta, daughter of 

 the Grand Duke Charles Frederick of Saxe- 

 Weimar. The heir apparent, Frederick Wil- 

 liam, born October 18, 1831, has the official 

 titles of Crown Prince of the German Empire 

 and Crown Prince of Prussia. Imperial Chan- 

 cellor (Reicliakamler), Otto, Prince von Bis- 

 marck-Schonhausen ; President of the Impe- 

 rial Chancery (Reichtkamler-Amt), Karl von 

 Hofmann, Minister of State. 



The legislative functions of the empire are 

 vested in the Bundesrath or Federal Council, 

 and the Reichstag or Diet of the Empire. The 

 Bundesrath represents the individual states of 

 Germany, and the Emperor must have its con- 

 sent to declare war which is not merely defen- 

 sive. The members of the Bundesrath are ap- 

 pointed by the Governments of the individual 

 states for each session. On January 1, 1880, 

 the German Bundesrath was composed of the 

 following members : Prussia Prince Bis- 

 marck, President and Imperial Chancellor; 

 Count zu Stolberg-Wernigerode, Vice-Presi- 

 dent of the State Ministry ; the Ministers Ho- 

 hrecht, Count Eulenburg, Leonhart, Kameke, 

 and Maybach ; Von Bulow, State Minister, 

 and Secretary of State in the Ministry for 

 Foreign Affairs; Von Stosch, chief of the Ad- 

 miralty ; Hofmann, President of the Imperial 

 Chancery ; Von Philippsborn, Director in the 

 Foreign Office ; Dr. Friedberg, Secretary of 

 State in the Ministry of Justice ; Stephan, Post- 

 master-General ; Hasselbach, Director-Gener- 

 al of the Indirect Taxes ; Burghart, Ministerial 

 Director in the Ministry of Finance ; Ilerzog, 

 Under-Secretary of State for Alsace-Lorraine ; 

 Von Moller, Oberprusident of Alsace-Lorraine. 

 Bavaria The Ministers Von Pfretschner and 

 Dr. von Faustle ; Von Rudhart, Ambassador 

 in Berlin; Ministerial Director von Riedel; 

 Colonel von Xylander. Saxony The Minis- 

 ters H. von Nostitz-Wallwitz and von K-'.n- 

 neritz; O. von Nostitz-Wallwitz, Ambassador 

 in Berlin ; Major von der Planitz. Wurtem- 

 berg Minister von Mittnacht; Hugo von 

 Spitzemberg, Ambassador in Berlin; Major- 

 General von Faber du Faur; Councilor Hess. 

 Baden Turban, President of the Ministry; 

 State Ministers Elstatter and StOszer. lltxt* 

 Freiherr von Stark, President of the Ministry ; 

 Ministerial Councilors Neidhart and Schleier- 

 macher. Mecklenburg-Schvserin Von Prol- 

 lius, Ambassador in Berlin ; Oldenburg, Di- 

 rector of Customs. Sax* - Weimar Councilor 

 Dr. Stichling. Mecklenburg- Str elite Coun- 

 cilor von Prollius. Oldenburg Councilor Seld- 

 niann. Brunswick Councilors Schultz and 

 von Liebe. Saxe~Meiningen Minister von 

 Giseke. Saxe-Altenburg vacant. Saxt- Co- 

 burg- Gotha Minister von Seebach. Anhalt 



