462 



GKEEK CHURCH. 



GUATEMALA. 



title Patriarch fell into disuse, but tlie metro- 

 politan and archbishop, who was elected by the 

 Servians of Hungary and who took up his resi- 

 dence at Carlovitz, was considered as the head 

 of the national church of Servia and the legiti- 

 mate successor of the Patriarch of Ipek. The 

 see of Ipek existed nominally until 1765 (ac- 

 cording to others until 1769), when it was united 

 with the see of Constantinople. In Hungary 

 the title Patriarch was revived in 1848, and the 

 Patriarch Archbishop of Carlovitz therefore 

 appears now more than ever as the legitimate 

 heir of the national Patriarchate of Ipek. In 

 view of these facts, it has been proposed by 

 prominent leaders of the Servians in Hungary 

 to place the Greek Church of Bosnia and Her- 

 zegovina under the Patriarch of Carlovitz. A 

 measure of this kind would of course tend to 

 promote a permanent political union of these 

 countries with Austria- Hungary. At the end 

 of November the Patriarch of Carlovitz and 

 the Bishops of Ofen and Neusatz were called to 

 Vienna and to Pesth, to be consulted on the sub- 

 ject by the Governments of Austria and Hun- 

 gary. 



In view of the proposed consolidation of the 

 churches in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the 

 Servian Church of Hungary, the proceedings 

 of the Servian Church Congress of Hungary 

 in 1879 were of more than ordinary impor- 

 tance. This Congress consists of the Patriarch, 

 the bishops, and a number of clerical and lay 

 deputies. Before the meeting of this Congress, 

 which took place in October, it had been 

 feared that serious differences of opinion would 

 show themselves between the bishops on the 

 one hand and the majority of deputies on the 

 other. The deputies were desirous of using the 

 influence of the Church for promoting the po- 

 litical aims of the Servian nationalists, while 

 the bishops did not conceal their dissatisfaction 

 with the liberal organization of the Church 

 and the proposed legal organization of the 

 parishes. After the opening of the Congress, 

 however, a mutual understanding was attained, 

 and the proceedings were harmonious. The 

 law of organization was adopted almost unan- 

 imously. It provides that the parish priests 

 shall not be ex officio presidents of the parochial 

 meetings, but that the presidents shall be 

 elected. The Congress was in session six 

 weeks, and at its close, November 9th, the 

 royal commissary announced that the Govern- 

 ment intended to convoke the Congress again 

 early in 1880 to complete its labors. 



The Synod of the Church of Eoumania was 

 opened on November 26th, and was closed about 

 the middle of December. In Roumania, as in 

 Austria and in the new states of the Balkan 

 peninsula generally, the cooperation of elective 

 church synods in the affairs of' the Church is 

 now fully secured. 



In Russia, the Holy Synod is contemplating 

 a reform of the monasteries and nunneries 

 under its jurisdiction. It is especially intended 

 to deprive the lower grades of the religious 



orders of the privilege of holding and acquir- 

 ing private property. The annual revenue of 

 the religious orders of Russia is understood to 

 exceed 3,000,000 roubles. They are holders of 

 dividend-bearing stocks of various kinds to the 

 amount of 29,000,000 roubles. 



GREVY, JULES, President of France. (For 

 biography, see " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 

 1878.) 



GUATEMALA (REpfrsLioA DE GUATEMALA). 

 To the details heretofore given concerning area, 

 territorial division, population,* etc., it is only 

 necessary here to add that the number of de- 

 partments into which the republic is divided 

 has been increased to twenty-two, these being, 

 in order of importance, as follows : Guatemala, 

 Sacatepequez, Escuintla, Amatitlan, Chimal- 

 tenango, Solola, Suchitepequez, Quezaltenan- 

 go, Retalhulen (formerly a part of Suchitepe- 

 quez), Totonicapan, Quiche, Huehuetenango, 

 San Marcos, Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Pe- 

 ten, Izabal, Zacapa, Chiquimula, Jutiapa, Ja- 

 lapa, and Santa Rosa. 



By the terms of a new conventionf signed 

 in March in the city of Mexico, and exchanged 

 and ratified in Guatemala on the 1st of August, 

 the time allowed for the surveys and other 

 operations necessary to the determination of 

 the first section of the boundary-line between 

 the two republics was extended to the end of 

 1879, and a still longer time granted for the 

 final ascertainment and adjustment of the " pre- 

 cise frontier." The extension of time thus 

 granted was regarded as important, as many 

 circumstances had concurred to retard the com- 

 mencement of the engineers' work, and as it is 

 to be desired that such an accurate survey be 

 made as shall render diplomatic discussion of 

 the subject needless. 



The President of the Republic is General 

 Rufino Barrios, elected May 7, 1873. The 

 Cabinet is composed of the following Minis- 

 ters : Interior and Justice, Sr. Don A. Ubico ; 

 War, Finance, and Public Credit, Sr. Don J. 

 M. Barrundia; Public Works and (ad interim) 

 Foreign Affairs, Sr. Don Manuel Herrera ; Pub- 

 lic Instruction, Sr. Don Delfino Sanchez. In 

 the course of the year an important change 

 took place in the Cabinet by the retirement of 

 Sr. Salazar, the previous Minister of State (In- 

 terior), and the appointment in his stead of Sr. 

 Ubico, who had already given proof of zeal and 

 activity as Jefe Politico (Governor) of several 

 of the departments, and also as Under-Secre- 

 tary of War for more than two years. ^ He is, 

 besides, familiar with the duties of his new 

 post, having filled it temporarily in 1877 dur- 

 ing the absence of the Minister. Sr. Don Ra- 

 mon Uriarte, Minister to Mexico since 1872, 

 was recalled for his unsatisfactory conduct of 

 the recent questions with that republic. His 

 successor is Sr. Don Manuel Herrera, Jr. 



The regular army is 3,200 strong, and the 

 militia 13,000. 



* See "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1875. 



t See " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1878, p. 415. 



