476 



HUNGARY. 



mand, July 30, 1864; in command successively 

 of the Northern, Eastern, and Lake Depart- 

 ments, and of the Retiring Board till Septem- 

 ber 1, 1866. He was brevetted Major-General 

 of the United States Army in March, 1865, 

 and in consequence of disability put upon the 

 retired list, with the full rank of major-gen- 

 eral, in 1868. 



HUNGARY, a kingdom of Europe, and one 

 of the two principal divisions of the Austro- 

 Hungarian Monarchy. (See AtrsTRO-HtiNaABY.) 

 The Hungarian Ministry at the close of 1879 

 was composed as follows: President of the 

 Ministry and Minister of the Interior, Koloman 

 Tisza de Borosjeno ; Minister near the King's 

 Person (ad Latus), Freiherr von Orczy ; Min- 

 ister of Education and Worship, A. von Tre- 

 fort ; Minister for the Defense of the Country, 

 Colonel B. Szende von Keresztes ; Minister 

 of Public Works, Thomas Pechy von P6ch- 

 Ujfalu ; Minister for Croatia and Slavonia, Ko- 

 loman Bedekovitch de Komor ; Minister of 

 Justice, Dr. Theodor Pauler ; Minister of Fi- 

 nance, Count Szapary ; Minister of Agriculture, 

 Commerce, and Industry, Freiherr Kemeny. 



The area and population of the countries of 

 the Hungarian Crown are as follows, according 

 to the " Statistiche Handbuch der osterreich.- 

 ungarischen Monarchie " : 



The movement of population was as follows 

 in 1876: 



Marriages 154,805 



D 8 :}-lusiveof still-births, j ;;;;;;; g$J 

 Excess of births 151,877 



The budget for the countries belonging to 

 the Hungarian Crown for 1879 was voted by 

 the Lower House on February 28th by a major- 

 ity of 227 against 174. It was as follows (1 

 florin = 48 cents) : 



1. Direct taxes 82,435,500 



2. Indirect taxes 84,677,857 



8. Receipts from Government property and state 



institutions 25,155,195 



4. Extraordinary receipts of the Ministry of Fi- 



nance 8,046,173 



5. Receipts of the other Ministries 19,868,445 



6. Other receipts 4,308,000 



Total ordinary receipts 219,691,170 



Extraordinary receipts 2,517,482 



Total 222,208,602 



EXPENDITURES. 



1. Royal household 4,650,000 



2. Royal cabinet chancery 69,669 



8. Diet 1,809,960 



4. Council of Ministers 808.690 



5. Ministry ad Latus 50,843 



8. " for Croatia and Slavonia 35,880 



7. of the Interior 7,492,469 



Florins. 



Ministry of Public Defense 6,398,015 



' of Education and Worship 4,228,410 



" of Justice 9.914,369 



" of Agriculture and Commerce 10,572,374 



" of Communications 12,470,887 



" of Finance 89,487,852 



Administration of Croatia and Slavonia 5,822,709 



" of Fiume 84,140 



Pensions. 4,048,898 



Public debt 43,352,807 



Contributions to the common expenditure of 



the empire 38,757,899 



Contribution to the Austrian debt 30,478,480 



Guaranteed interest to private railroads 10,200,000 



Miscellaneous 18,944,844 



Total ordinary expenditures 248,167.645 



Extraordinary expenditures 8,268,735 



Total. 



Deficit 84,227,778 



In the budget for Croatia and Slavonia for 

 1878 the receipts were estimated at 3,312,234 

 florins, and the expenditures at 3,310,234 

 florins. 



The public debt of Hungary at the close of 

 1877 amounted to 660,176,966 florins, exclusive 

 of the common debt of the empire. Hungary 

 also has a share in the public debt of Austria 

 proper, about 30 per cent, of its amount pre- 

 vious to 1868. This debt is regarded as ex- 

 clusively Austrian, but Hungary pays annually 

 a fixed sum for interest and for amortization. 

 The assets of the state were estimated in 1876 

 at 762,500,000 florins. The Diet on February 

 15th authorized a gold-rente loan of 100,000,- 

 000 florins (to bear interest in gold), intended 

 to provide the means for defraying the costs of 

 the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 

 .to cover the deficit of the year. If it should 

 turn out that a gold rente can not be negoti- 

 ated, the Minister is empowered to arrange for 

 a temporary advance ; and if sufficient can not 

 be obtained in that way, then he may borrow 

 on the security of the state domains. Lastly, 

 if he finds it more convenient, he may have 

 recourse to all three plans. 



In the estimates for 1880, the expenditure 

 was calculated at 253,669,662 florins, the reve- 

 nue at 236,350,294 fl., making a deficit of 17,- 

 319,368 fl. If the Legislature should accept the 

 proposed increase of the duty on petroleum, ex- 

 pected to yield 1,800,000 fl., this deficit would 

 be reduced to 15,529,368 fl., against 28,829,591 

 fl., the figure for 1879. In this estimate the ex- 

 penses of the occupation were not comprised. 

 They had been fixed under 8,000,000 fl. This 

 would entail a charge for Hungary of 2,512,000 

 fl., so that the total deficit for 1880 was set 

 down in round numbers at 18,000,000 fl., for 

 which, however, no new credit would be asked. 



The aggregate length of railways open for 

 traffic on January 1, 1879, was 7,002 kilometres 

 (1 kilometre = 0'62 mile). The number of 

 post-offices in 1877 was 1,980 ; the number of 

 letters, newspapers, postal cards, samples, etc., 

 114,327,000 ; and the value of letters and pack- 

 ages, 838,700,000 florins. The length of tele- 

 graph lines in 1878 was 14,328'9 kilometres, 

 and of wires 50,072-2 kilometres. The number 



