638 



MISSISSIPPI. 



MISSOURI. 



tary supervision of Congressional elections was 

 to be continued, the State elections would be 

 exposed to foreign interference. 



At the commencement of the election cam- 

 paign some attempts were made to arouse 

 and organize those who had formerly been 

 known as Radicals. The tendency of these 

 'efforts seems to have been considered on the 

 part of the whites as likely to array against 

 them the blacks. In their apprehensions they 

 were led to demand the withdrawal from the 

 county of Yazoo of the principal or white can- 

 didate for sheriff. This was refused, but the 

 candidate promised to decline the nomination, 

 which was accepted. Subsequently, in the 

 heat of the campaign, personal remarks led to 

 personal encounters, and in some instances a 

 loss of life. There were two cases attended 

 with unusual excitement. 



The election was confined to the choice of 

 county officers and a State Legislature. The 

 result of the latter was : in the Senate, 33 Dem- 

 ocrats, 2 Nationals, and 1 Republican ; in the 

 House, 96 Democrats, 13 Nationals, 5 Repub- 

 licans, 3 Independents, and 3 vacancies ; total, 

 120. 



In addition to the expenditure for public 

 schools, the State has expended during the last 

 nine years for Alcorn (colored) University, 

 $216,250 ; the colored State normal school at 

 HollySprings, $51,450; that at Tugaloo, $23,- 

 000. 



An important invention for the conversion 

 of seed-cotton into yarn was made by L. T. 

 Clements of Smyrna in Tennessee, who died 

 two years ago, without accomplishing anything 

 by his invention. It was taken up by a citizen 

 of Mississippi and improved ; new patents were 

 obtained, and it was brought into use in many 

 of the mills in the Carolinas, Tennessee, Geor- 

 gia, Alabama, and Mississippi, under the name 

 of " the Clements attachment." It is a combi- 

 nation of the gin and the card for converting 

 seed-cotton by one operation into slivers. The 

 machine is thus described : 



It consists of a thirty-six inch top-flat, self-stripping 

 card ; the attachment (which is a diminutive gin 18 x 

 18 x 36 inches) is substituted for the licker-in and feed- 

 rollers of the card ; its saws are seven inches in diam- 

 eter, with fourteen teeth to the inch, and revolve from 

 100 to 200 times per minute. The brush connected 

 with the saws is a cylinder covered with bristles ; its 

 periphery revolves little faster than the saws, and has 

 also a traverse or horizontal motion. The periphery 

 of the card travels a little faster than the brush ; a feed- 

 table is placed above the card and connected with the 

 attachment by a chute, and gives a regular supply of 

 seed-cotton to the attachment. A stop-motion is used 

 to save waste in case of accident. These, with a small 

 drawing roller between the doffer and calender rollers, 

 to reduce the sliver to the ordinary working size, and 

 a cam-motion to receive said sliver, are all the changes 

 and additions made to the card, and there are none 

 made elsewhere. The seed-cotton is spread upon the 

 endless apron of the feed-table, and passes thence 

 through the chute into the attachment, where the lint 

 is removed from the seedj and while on the fine saw- 

 teeth (after passing the ribs) passes through a set of 

 combing-plates, which removes all extraneous matter, 

 and delivers the filaments to the brush, which delivers 



them to the card, and thence, through the doffer, small 

 drawing and calender rollers, they are delivered as 

 perfect sliver into a revolving can. By this process 

 only four machines are necessary to convert any given 

 amount of seed-cotton into perfect yarns, viz., card, 

 as changed, drawing-frame, speeder, and spinning- 

 frame. It is true a cleanser of seed-cotton is used as a 

 preparatory machine. Its size is 22 x 28 x 44 inches ; 

 cost, $75 ; capacity, 6,000 pounds of seed-cotton per 

 day ; power necessary to drive, one half of one horse. 

 The new process dispenses with fully one half the 

 building, machinery, motive power, and operatives 

 hitherto necessary to convert any given amount of 

 seed-cotton into yarns ; causes the card, with the same 

 amount of motive power, to do five times as much 

 work ; saves one half the usual waste, and produces 

 stronger sliver, rove, and thread than can bo made of 

 baled cotton, which, on account of their extra strength, 

 seldom break or let down, thereby enabling operatives 

 to attend more machinery and each machine to do 

 more work. The thread is equal in every respect to 

 that made of baled cotton, fifty per cent, stronger, and 

 more sheeny. The attachment supersedes the gin, 

 press, and compress, because they are intended ana 

 only used to render cotton transportable ; the willow- 

 er, lopper, double lopper, breaker, and four fifths of 

 the cards, because they are only used to try to remedy 

 the injury done by the gin, press, and compress ; it 

 supersedes the railway, railway drawing-head, also all 

 jack-frames, slubbers, mules, twisters, eveners, etc., 

 etc., simply because they are costly and unnecessary 

 machines, and perfect thread can be made without 

 them. 



The reason why the card will do five times as much, 

 using seed-cotton and the same amount of motive 

 power, as it did by the old process, using baled cotton, 

 is because the filaments are not permitted to leave 

 the machinery, fly, or become tangled, but are kept 

 straight and parallel, and carding is but the straight- 

 ening of the cotton filaments. The saving of one naif 

 the usual waste is because fresh, live cotton is used, 

 and half the usual machinery dispensed with. The 

 extra strength of the thread and skein is owing to the 

 working of the cotton fresh from the seed, the oil of 

 which nas kept it alive, light, elastic, and flexible, 

 with all its attenuating qualities perfect ; and the fact 

 that it has never been nap-cut or tangled by the gin, 

 pressed, compressed, or permitted to become dry, sea- 

 soned, and brittle in this tangled condition, nor has it 

 been injured by the willower, lopper, double lopper, 

 breaker, and cards, where the damage done by the 

 gin, press, and compress is sought to be remedied. 

 But these advantages, great as they are, are not half 

 that are claimed for the '' new process." The ginning, 

 baling, bagging, and ties are saved ; the seed inures 

 to the manufacturers ; no loss from falsely packed cot- 

 ton ; no strikes from operatives, for it is the poor man's 

 factory, and his daughters are the operatives. The 

 entire capital necessary for the smallest-sized new- 

 process mills, including building and motive power, 

 is only $3,500, and will pay a net profit of 30 to 50 

 per cent, per annum. It saves all expense, loss, 

 waste, dryage, perquisities, general average accounts, 

 stealage and speculation, etc., on cotton in transit 

 from the field to the factory, be that distance 15 or 

 15,000 miles, as from India to Manchester, England. 



MISSOURI. The Legislature of this State 

 assembled on January 8th. In the Senate Lieu- 

 tenant- Governor Brockmeyer presided, and in 

 the House Mr. Belch of Cole County was cho- 

 sen Speaker. After a session of 132 days, and 

 the passage of 208 bills, it adjourned on May 

 20th. 



In the House, the following resolution was 

 adopted : 



Whereas, There is great financial stringency among 

 the people of the whole country, and especially among 

 the people of Missouri ; and, 



