OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



000 



ern electrical science. Many of his discover- 

 ies and experiments be described in tbe publi- 

 cations of the Berlin Academy, Poggendorfs 

 "Annalen," the "Zeitschrift fur Erdkunde," 

 tbe " Zeitschrift " of the Prussian Statistical Bu- 

 reau, and many other periodicals. Among his 

 principal works are: " Meteorologische Unter- 

 suchungen" (1857); u Ueber die nichtperiodi- 

 schen Aenderungen der Temperaturvertheilung 

 auf der Oberflache der Erde " (6 parts, 1840- 

 '59) ; " Ueber den Zusammenhang der War- 

 meverSndcrungen der Atmosphare mit der 

 Entwickelung der Pflanzen" (1846); " Tem- 

 perattirtafeln " (1848) ; " Monatsisothermen " 

 (1850) ; "Das Gesetz der Sturme" (1857; 4th 

 edit., 1874), which was translated into English 

 and French; and " Klimatologische Beitrage" 

 (2 parts, 1857-'69). His sons Richard Wilhelm 

 and Alfred have both attained considerable 

 prominence, the former in the departments of 

 civil and ecclesiastical law, the latter as an his- 

 torian. 



DUBS, JAKOB, a Swiss statesman, born in 

 the Canton of Zurich in 1822, died January 

 15th. He studied law in the Universities of 

 Berne, Heidelberg, and Zurich. After having 

 filled several offices in the cantonal courts, he 

 was appointed in 1849 a judge of the new- 

 Federal Court, and shortly after President of 

 the Court. His political career began in 1847, 

 when he was elected to the Great Council of 

 his canton. From 1855 to 1861 he was Presi- 

 dent of the cantonal government, Director of 

 Education, and a member of the Church Coun- 

 cil. In 1849 he was also elected a member of 

 the National Council, of which body he was 

 elected President in 1854. In 1861 he was 

 elected into the Federal Council, and in 1864 

 was President of the Republic. He resigned 

 his position in the Federal Council in 1872, 

 but was elected to the National Council from 

 the Canton of Vaud. In 1875 he was also 

 appointed a judge of the reorganized Federal 

 Court of Lausanne. 



FANFANI, PIETRO, an Italian philologist, born 

 April 21, 1815, died March 4th. He studied at 

 first medicine, but afterward devoted himself 

 entirely to philology and belles-lettres. He made 

 extensive researches in ancient and mediaeval 

 literature, and in 1847 established at Florence 

 the journal " Ricordi Filologici," which at once 

 met with great success. He took part in the 

 campaign against Austria in 1848, was taken 

 prisoner, and confined in Theresienstadt. He 

 returned to Tuscany in September, 1848, and 

 was afterward employed in the Ministry of Pub- 

 lic Instruction at Turin under Gioberti, and at 

 Florence under Franchini. In 1859, after the 

 annexation of Tuscany to Italy, he was ap- 

 pointed director of the Marucellian Library. 

 Among his works are dictionaries of the Ital- 

 ian language, of the words peculiar to Tus- 

 cany, and of Tuscan pronunciation. 



FICHTE, IM.M.VM KI. HERMANN, a German phi- 

 losopher, son of the celebrated Johann Gottlieb 

 Fichte, born July 18, 1796, died August 8th. 



He studied philosophy and philology in the 

 University of Berlin, filled between 1822 and 

 1842 professorships at the gymnasia of Baar- 

 bruckon and Dusseldorf and the University of 

 Bonn, and in 1842 was appointed professor in 

 the University of Tubingen. In 1867 he was 

 pensioned at his own request. His doctrine 

 was that of an ideal theism. Among his princi- 

 pal works are : " System der Etbik " (2 vols., 

 1850-'53) ; "Die Seelenfortdauer und die Welt- 

 stellung des Menschen" (1867); "Die theis- 

 tiscbe Weltansicht und ihre Berechtigung " 

 (1873) ; and u Fragen und Bedenken fiber die 

 niichsto Fortbildung deutscher Spekulation" 

 (1876). In the latter years of his life Fichte 

 expressed great interest in and sympathy with 

 American spiritualism. 



GABBETT, JAMES, an English scholar and 

 clergyman, born in 1802, died March 25th. 

 He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, 

 where he graduated B. A., taking first-class 

 honors, in 1822. He was elected Michel Fel- 

 low of Queen's College, and afterward fellow 

 and tutor of Brasenose and Hulme Lecturer of 

 Divinity ; became public examiner of the uni- 

 versity in 1829, filling that post for two years 

 with great distinction ; was appointed preben- 

 dary of Chichester in 1843, and archdeacon in 

 1851. He delivered the Bampton lectures be- 

 fore the University of Oxford in 1842, and was 

 Professor of Poetry there from 1842 to 1852. 

 Besides his "Bampton Lectures" (2 yols., 

 1842), he published a volume of " Prselectiones 

 Academicae," one of " Archidiaconal Charges," 

 five volumes of sermons, and numerous pam- 

 phlets on the theological and academical ques- 

 tions of the day. 



GISKRA, KARL, an Austrian statesman, born 

 January 29, 1820, died June 1st. He studied 

 law and political economy in the University of 

 Vienna. In 1848 he was chosen a delegate 

 to the German Parliament at Frankfort, and 

 achieved a national reputation for eloquence 

 in debate. He became subsequently a lawyer 

 at Vienna and at Brunn, and gained celebrity as 

 counsel in criminal cases. He was soon elect- 

 ed to the Reichsrath ; became Mayor of Brunn 

 in 1866, as which he developed great executive 

 ability ; and in 1867 was elected President of 

 the Chamber of Deputies. He was Minister 

 of the Interior from 1867 to 1870 under Prince 

 Carlos Auersperg, and afterward under Count 

 Taafe, and did excellent service in the recon- 

 struction of tbe Austrian state. After his re- 

 tirement from the Ministry he took a promi- 

 nent part in the disreputable " Grunder" oper- 

 ations of that period, and in consequence lost 

 much of his popularity. 



GUIDI, FILIPPO MARIA, an Italian cardinal, 

 born July 18, 1815, died February 28th. He 

 entered the Dominican order, became Bishop 

 of Frascati in 1872, was created cardinal priest 

 March 16, 1863, Archbishop of Bologna De- 

 cember 21, 1863, and was shortly before his 

 death raised to the rank of cardinal bishop. 



I., a Swiss statesman, born in 1825, 



