700 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



died March 1st. He attended the Universities 

 of Zurich, Heidelberg, Berlin, and Paris. In 

 1857 he was elected Laudamman (Governor) of 

 the Canton of Glarus, and a member of the 

 National Council. For eighteen years he re- 

 tained his position as Landamman, and was 

 respected and honored by the entire people. 

 Upon the creation of the North German Con- 

 federation, he was appointed Minister at the 

 different German courts, but returned within 

 seven months. In December, 1875, he was 

 elected a member of the Federal Council, and 

 in 1877 its President. Owing to sickness he 

 was compelled to resign in December, 1878. 

 He was one of the ablest as well as the 

 purest statesmen of Switzerland, and his loss 

 is mourned by all parties. 



HOWITT, WILLIAM, a British author, born in 

 1795, died March 3d. lie traveled extensively 

 on the Continent and in Australia, and wrote, 

 partly alone and partly with his wife, a large 

 number of works on various subjects. Among 

 his works are : " Book of the Seasons " (1831) ; 

 " History of Priestcraft " (1833) ; " The Ru- 

 ral and Domestic Life of Germany " (1842) ; 

 " Haunts and Homes of British Poets " (1847) ; 

 "History of Scandinavian Literature" (1852); 

 "Madame Darrington of the Dene" (1851); 

 "Talangetta, or the Squatter's Home"; "The 

 Man of the People " (1860) ; " Illustrated His- 

 tory of England " (8 vols., 1861) ; " History of 

 the Supernatural in all Ages and Nations" 

 (1863) ; " Discoveries in Australia " (1865) ; and 

 "The Mad War Planet, and other Poems" 

 (1871). 



HUBER, JOHANNES, a German scholar, born 

 August 18, 1830, died March 20th. He studied 

 theology and afterward philosophy in the Uni- 

 versity of Munich, established himself as pri- 

 vatdocent there in 1854, became extraordinary 

 Professor of Philosophy in 1859, and ordinary 

 Professor in 1864. Among his earlier works 

 are: "Idee der Unsterblichkeit " (1864; 2d 

 edit., 1865) ; " Johannes Scotus Erigena " 

 (1861); and "Die Philosophic der Kirchenva- 

 ter" (1859), which was placed on the Index 

 Expurgatorius. He was one of the most promi- 

 nent champions of the Old Catholic movement 

 in Bavaria, and wrote in its support many 

 pamphlets, including " Das Papstthum und 

 der Staat" (1871). He wrote an elaborate 

 work on the history of the Jesuits (1873), and 

 also works criticising Darwin, Strauss, Hart- 

 mann, and Haeckel. 



JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH, a British ex- 

 plorer and geographer, born November 24, 

 1841, died June 28th. He pursued his studies 

 under his father, the celebrated geographer of 

 the same name, and afterward in Leipsic un- 

 der A. Petermann. In 1874 he went to Para- 

 guay upon an exploring expedition, of which 

 he gave an account to the Royal Geographical 

 Society. Besides frequent contributions to the 

 " Geographical Magazine," he wrote the article 

 on Africa for the new edition of the " Ency- 

 clopaedia Britannica," and edited, with consid- 



erable additions, the volume devoted to Africa 

 in Stanford's "Compendium of Geography and 

 Travel." In November, 1878, he was sent out 

 in charge of the English expedition to explore 

 the head of Lake Nyassa. He was attacked by 

 dysentery, and died after a short illness. 



LANDSEER, CHARLES, a British painter, born 

 August 12, 1799, died July 22d. He was the 

 second of the three sons of Mr. Landseer, an en- 

 graver of very considerable ability, his younger 

 brother being the famous Sir Edwin Landseer. 

 He was instructed in art by his father and by B. 

 R. Haydon, entered the school of the Royal 

 Academy in 1816, and accompanied Lord Stuart 

 de Rothesay on his mission to Portugal and 

 Brazil about 1820, collecting the materials util- 

 ized in many subsequent pictures. He was 

 elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 

 1837, and Academician in 1845, and was keeper 

 of the Academy from 1851 to May, 1873, when 

 the Council voted him a pension equivalent to 

 his former salary. Among his best paintings are 

 "Pillaging of a Jew's House," "The Tempta- 

 tion of Andrew Marvell," " The Departure of 

 Charles II. from Bentley," and " The Eve of 

 the Battle of Edgehill." 



LUBBOCK, Lady ELLEN FRANCES, wife of Sir 

 John Lubbock, born in 1835, died October 20th. 

 She shared the scientific tastes and tasks of her 

 husband, and contributed numerous articles to 

 scientific and literary journals, especially the 

 "Academy" and "Nature." In 1862-'63 she 

 published "Vacation Tourists," containing a 

 description of her researches among the shell- 

 mounds of Denmark. 



MARTIN, KONRAD, a German bishop, born 

 May 18, 1812, died July 16th. He was edu- 

 cated at the Universities of Halle, Munich, and 

 Wiirzburg, was ordained as priest in 1836, and 

 in 1856 became Bishop of Paderborn. He at- 

 tended the Vatican Council, and after his re- 

 turn to Germany gained considerable celebrity 

 as one of the most bitter opponents of the May 

 laws, which he denounced as the "most atro- 

 cious ever launched against the Church of Christ 

 since the era of Diocletian." He was arrested, 

 tried, and deposed from his office in 1875, and 

 shortly after escaped to Holland, whence he 

 was expelled. After that he lived in retire- 

 ment in Belgium. He was the author of a 

 series of works on .the (Ecumenical Council, 

 among them "Das unfehlbare Lehramt der- 

 Papstes" (1870), "Die Arbeiten des Vaticani- 

 schen Concils" (1873), and "Omnium Concilii 

 Vaticani quae ad Doctrinam et Disciplinam 

 pertinant Documentorum Collectio" (1873). 

 He also published a number of text-books on 

 religion, including " Lehrbuch der Katholischen 

 Religion" (1844; 15th edit., 1873), which was 

 translated into many foreign languages, and 

 "Lehrbuch der Katholischen Moral" (1850; 

 5th edit., 1865). 



MIERS, JOHN, a British botanist, horn August 

 25, 1789, died October 17th. Early in the pres- 

 ent century he went to South America, where 

 he remained many years, traveling and explor- 



