PORTUGAL. 



731 



The area is 85,843 square miles; the popnla- was 4,745,124. The area and population of 

 tion, according to the census of January 1,1878, the several provinces were as follows: 



The area of the Portuguese possessions in 

 Asia and Africa is 704,132 square miles ; the 

 population 3,247,634. 



The following were the gross sums of the 

 budget estimates for the financial year 1879- 

 '80, in contos and milreis (1 conto = 1,000 mil- 

 reis ; 1 milreis = $1.08 ; 5,603 : 876 means 5,603 

 contos and 876 milreis) : 



REVENUE. 



1. Dlrecttaxes 6,608:876 



8. Register 2,746 : 80J 



8. Indirect taxes 14,290 : 639 



4. National domain 8,425 : 556 



6. Other receipts 1,857:921 



Total 26,424 : 842 



EXPENDITURES. 



1. Interest on home and foreign debt. 11,716 : 810 



8. Ministry of Finance 5,495 : 267 



8. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 287 : 539 



4. Ministry of the Interior 2,201:898 



6. Ministry of Worship and Justice 601 : 765 



6. Ministry of War 4,836:127 



7. Ministry of the Navy and Colonies 1,627 : 864 



8. Ministry of Public Works 8,538:438 



. Extraordinary expenditures 8,789 : 841 



Total 88,544 : 079 



The public debt on June 80, 1878, amounted 

 to 374,122 contos. 



The actual strength of the army on August 

 15, 1879, was 1,744 officers and 25,833 men, of 

 whom 11,360 were out on furlough. 



The navy in 1879 consisted of 28 steamers, 

 of 4,441 horse-power and 118 guns, and 9 sail- 

 ing vessels, of 31 guns. 



The trade of Portugal in 1876 was as follows 

 (in contos) : 



The movement of shipping in 1876 was as 

 follows : 



The commercial navy in 1878 consisted of 

 588 vessels, of which 42 were steamers. The 

 total length of railways in operation in Sep- 

 tember, 1879, was 1,151*5 kilometres. The 

 length of telegraph lines in September, 1878, 

 was 3,711 kilometres ; of wires, 8,042 kilome- 

 tres; the number of stations, 185; the number 

 of dispatches in 1877, 686,518. The number 

 of post-offices in September, 1879, was 686, of 

 which 38 were on the islands. The number 

 of inland letters in 1877-'78 was 12,342,133 ; 

 of newspapers, 7,315,915; of printed matter, 

 of postal cards and samples of goods, 1,415,- 

 646 ; and of foreign letters, newspapers, etc., 

 3,372,456. 



Parliament was opened on January 2d by 

 the King in person, who said in his speech from 

 the throne that a treaty had been made with 

 England for a railway between Goa and Brit- 

 ish India, and also for a railway uniting the 

 Transvaal to Lourenco Marques. The state of 

 the finances required serious attention. On 

 January 14th Senhor d'Andrnde Corvo, Minis- 

 ter for Foreign Affairs, speaking in the Cham- 

 ber of Peers in reference to a concession grant- 

 ed to a Portuguese subject for funning the for- 

 ests, mines, and land for agricultural purposes 

 in the Zambesi district in Mozambique, said 

 that Portugal, which for a long time past had 

 in Europe been in close alliance with England, 

 should accept the cooperation of that power for 

 mutually upholding and developing their colo- 

 nial interests; a cooperation which would be 

 based upon mutual respect for each other's ter- 

 ritories, and upon the firm assurance of the 

 loyalty and sincerity of the intentions of each 

 Government toward the other. The Chamber 

 of Deputies organized on January 21st, when 

 the Government candidate was elected presi- 

 dent by 82 votes, the opposition abstaining from 



