SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



The immigration of Chinamen t-y r.>ntr:irt i- entirety 

 jir<>iiii.ir<-.i ; tin- Immigrants will OOOM to Catwbvthar 

 own freewill, ami Ixith coimtrie*, Cliin:i and Spain, 

 l)iiul tlifiii-i'lvi-sto prii.-i-rtite tli'c IHTSOIIH uiul vwwclrt 

 hriniriiii; Chinamen to Cul>a u.'ain-t their will. Sj.a'.n 

 pr"inU<- i" treat the Chinese in Cuba with the same 

 e.>n~i'lerati"ii a> foreigners of the most favored nation. 

 To this .'ii.l the Chine-e ( 1"\ cninifiit will iirovidr with 

 a i>:i"j>'>rt every emigrant, and omciulsot'Wli nations 

 will nsit every emigrant M-.-.M-! leaving Chinese ports, 

 in <>r>ler to insure a full obMTVaooe of this law. Tho 

 ( hi!h--e (Joverninent will interpose no obstacle to the 

 free emigration of Chinamen. The Emperor of China 

 may appoint a consul at Havana anil all other places 

 on the island where consuls of other nations are sta- 

 tioned, and these consuls will enjoy tho same preroga- 

 u their colleagues of other nations. Any Chi- 

 naman may leave Cuba whenever it pleases hinij unless 

 he is subject to judicial proceedings. All Chinamen 

 can apply to the courts of justice, like any other for- 

 eigners ;' and if any of them liayo been treated contrary 

 to law before this treaty was signed, their complaints 

 will be examined and their rights accorded to them. 



The treaty stipulates that a notification of 

 one year must be given of desire of either party 

 for any alteration of its provisions. 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY, two kingdoms 

 of northern Europe, united under the same 

 dynasty. The King, Oscar II., born January 

 21, 1829, succeeded to the throne at the death 

 of his brother, Charles XV., September 18, 

 1872. He married on June 6, 1857, Sophia, 

 daughter of the Duke of Nassau, born July 9, 

 1836. Their oldest son is Gustavus, heir ap- 

 parent, Duke of Wermland, born June 16, 

 1858. 



SWEDEN. The executive authority is in the 

 hands of the King, who acts under the advice 

 of a Ministry, formerly called the Council of 

 State. The composition of the Ministry at the 

 close of 1879 was as follows : Baron L. de Geer, 

 Minister of State and Justice ; O. M. Bjorn- 

 stjerna, Foreign Affairs ; J. II. Rosensward, 

 War ; Baron F. W. von Otter, Navy ; H. L. 

 Forsell, Finance ; Dr. C. G. Malmstrom, Edu- 

 cation and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Dr. L. T. 

 Almqvist, Justice. Besides these there are 

 two Ministers without portfolios: Dr. N. II. 

 Vult von Steyern, and Dr. J. H. Lov6n. 



The area of Sweden, inclusive of inland lakes, 

 is 170,741 square miles. The population of the 

 several provinces or lans on December 31, 1878, 

 was as follows : 



The budget for 1880 estimates tho revenue 

 and expenditure at 72,630,000 crowns each 

 (I crown = 26.8 cents). Besides the budget, 

 the Riksdag of 1879 voted 7,000,000 crowns 

 for the construction of new railroads, and 

 1,500,000 crowns to increase the rolling-stock 

 and other material of the existing roads. The 

 expenses of the army, Church, and certain civil 

 offices are in part defrayed out of the revenue 

 of landed estates belonging to tho Crown, and 

 the amounts do not appear in the budget esti- 

 mates. Tho public debt of Sweden on Decem- 

 ber 81, 1878, amounted to 212,548,240 crowns. 

 The Swedish army in 1878 numbered 183,603 

 men. The navy consisted of 43 steamers, of 

 20,271 horse-power and 155 guns ; 10 sailing 

 vessels, of 105 guns; and 87 smaller vessels, of 

 113 guns. 



The imports in 1877 amounted t > 303,420,000 

 crowns, the exports to 215,1)13,000 crowns. The 

 movemeut of shipping in 1877 was as follows : 



Of the total population, 2,205,292 were males 

 and 2,326,571 females. In 1877 there were 

 30,674 marriages, 142,674 births, 87,373 deaths, 

 and 4,198 still-births. 



NOKWAT. In Norway the executive is rep- 

 resented by the King, who exercises his au- 

 thority through a Council of State, composed 

 of two ministers of state and nine councilors. 

 Two of the councilors, who are changed every 

 year, together with one of the ministers, form 

 a delegation of the Council of State residing 

 at Stockholm near the King. The Council of 

 State was composed as follows in 1878 : F. 

 Stang, Minister of State; J. Holmboe, Fi- 

 nances and Customs ; Dr. O. A. Bachke, Jus- 

 tice and Police; J. L. Johansen, Navy; N. 

 Vogt, Interior ; R. T. Nissen, Education and 

 Worship; 0. A. Selmer, Army; 0. Jensen, 

 Revision of Public Accounts. The delegation 

 of the Council at Stockholm consisted of O. R. 

 Kierulf, Minister of State, H. L. Helliesen, and 

 Major-General H. A. Munthe. 



The area of Norway is 122,280 square miles, 

 and the population according to the census of 

 1875 was 1,806,900. (For an account of the 

 area and population of each of the provinces 

 of Norway, see "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 

 1876.) The movement of population in 1878 

 was as follows: Marriages, 13,825; births, 

 58,019; deaths, 29,541. 



The receipts for 1878 amounted to 50,441,700 

 crowns (1 crown=26'8 cents), the expenditures 

 to 51,771,300 crowns. The public debt on June 

 30, 1878, amounted to 91,600,000 crowns. The 

 imports in 1878 were valued at 140,348,000 

 crowns, and the exports at 91,630,000 crowns. 

 The war navy in July, 1879, consisted of 30 

 steamers with 144 guns, and 92 sailing vessels 

 with 149 guns. The commercial navy in 1877 

 consisted of 8,064 vessels, of 1,493,041 tons. 



