852 



ZOOLOOS. 



and commissions abolished, and that the candidates 

 of this Convention pledge their best endeavors to pur- 

 sue a course of retrenchment in public expenditures. 



We should protect our naturalized citizens as we do 

 our native-born in every part of the civilized world, 

 and we should resist all improper claims upon them 

 by governments to which they no longer owe alle- 

 giance. 



That as the Democratic party, being founded on 

 those principles which best support the liberty and 

 welfare of the citizen, has hitherto survived all former 

 adversaries, so, by faithful adherence to its time-hon- 

 ored doctrines and the selection of honest and com- 

 petent men for public offices, it looks forward with 

 abiding confidence to its final and complete triumph 

 over all who now oppose these principles. 



The result of the November election was the 

 continuance in office of the Governor, William 

 E. Smith, and the Lieutenant-Governor, James 

 M. Bingham, and the reelection of the other 

 State officers : Hans B. Warner, Secretary of 

 State; Kichard Guenther, Treasurer; Alexan- 



der Wilson, Attorney-General; W. O.Whitford, 

 Superintendent of Public Instruction ; J. Tur- 

 ner, Railroad Commissioner ; P. L. Spooner, Jr., 

 Insurance Commissioner. Owing to the fact 

 that the ex-officio State canvassers, the Secre- 

 tary of State, Treasurer, and Attorney-General, 

 were candidates for office, the Chief Justice, 

 E. G. Ryan, appointed in their stead Judges 

 David W. Small, Alva Stewart, and H. S. Con- 

 ger. The votes cast for the different guber- 

 natorial candidates were as follows: Smith, 

 Republican, 100,535 ; Jenkins, Democrat, 75,- 

 080; May, Greenback, 12,996; Bloomfield, 

 Temperance, 387 ; electing Governor Smith by 

 a plurality of 25,505 votes. The composition 

 of the Legislature of 1879 was as follows : Sen- 

 ate Republicans 25, Democrats 8 ; Assembly 

 Republicans 70, Democrats 27, Greenback- 

 ers 2, Independent 1. The next election takes 

 place November 2, 1880. 



Z 



ZOOLOOS, a branch of the Caffres, residing 

 in southeastern Africa. According to A. H. 

 Keane, in his treatise appended to Keith John- 

 ston's "Africa," the Caffres form a branch of 

 the great " Bantu " family. To this family also 

 belong the Matabele and other Betchuana pop- 

 ulations of the interior, near the Zambesi, and 

 in the regions visited by Dr. Livingstone in 

 his earlier travels, and even the Suaheli and 

 Wanyamwesi of the coast opposite Zanzibar 

 and the Tanganyika region, and the nations 

 inhabiting the shores of the Mozambique Chan- 

 nel. They are not negroes in the proper sense 

 of the word, but East Africans. Their color 

 is not black, but a dark brown ; their eyes are 

 black and brilliant ; the hair is not so woolly 

 as that of the negroes, and their features are 

 of an Eastern type. The Caffres in south- 

 eastern Africa are divided into three distinct 

 groups: the Amaxoso, located in British Caf- 

 fraria or the Trans-Kei Territory, and including 

 the Galekas and Gaikas, the Tembus, and the 

 Pondos of St. John's River ; the Basutos, who 

 inhabit the country beyond the Drakenberg 

 range ; and the Zooloos, who are almost equal 

 in number to all others put together. The 

 Zooloos, numbering about 600,000, are almost 

 equally divided between those living under 

 British rule in the province of Natal and those 

 forming the independent native kingdom to 

 the north of Natal known as Zoolooland, of 

 which Cetywayo or Ketchwayo was the ruler. 



Zoolooland is bounded on the north by the 

 country of the Amatongas, on the east by the 

 Indian Ocean, on the southwest by Natal, and 

 on the west by the Transvaal. Its area is about 

 15,000 square miles, and its population 300,000. 

 The seacoast is low and flat, differing in this 

 respect essentially from the shores of British 

 Caffraria about the St. John's River, which 

 abound with beautiful wooded hills and grassy 



downs. The coast-line is indented by a series 

 of lagoons and marshes, which tend to make 

 the neighborhood decidedly unhealthy. About 

 fifteen miles from the sea the land begins to 

 rise in terraces, which are covered with rich 

 grass, and are followed by two or three moun- 

 tain-ranges successively, one above another. 

 The principal river of Zoolooland is the Urn- 

 volosi, which empties into the Indian Ocean 

 at St. Lucia Bay. It is formed by the conflu- 

 ence of two mountain-streams, the Black and 

 White Umvolosi, near the center of Zooloo- 

 land. The border with Natal is formed by the 

 Tugela River, and farther up by the Buffalo 

 River, while in the north the most impor- 

 tant is the Pongolo River. Between the Um- 

 volosi and the Tugela are a number of smaller 

 streams. The banks of the rivers are for the 

 most part thickly wooded, or at least covered 

 with thick bush, while the lower plains, where 

 they are not swampy, are covered with scrub. 

 The country is not subject to drought in any 

 season. The rivers, which in summer are great- 

 ly swollen by the heavy rains in the highlands, 

 dwindle away in the winter, from March to Sep- 

 tember, becoming insignificant streams, with 

 here and there a deeper pool. There is no ma- 

 laria in the hilly districts on the side toward 

 Natal ; but the lower parts are dangerous alike 

 to man and beast, and the jungle is then in- 

 fested by the tzetze fly, whose bite is fatal to 

 horses and oxen. 



The word Zooloo in the native language 

 means heaven. The history of the Zooloo 

 kingdom begins with Chaka, who was born in 

 1787. As his mother had fled with him from 

 his father's kraal to the Umtetwas, a neigh- 

 boring coast tribe, he was educated by the 

 chieftain's orders, and here he learned all the 

 Caffre accomplishments as a prince and a war- 

 rior. It was here that he met some English 



