70 



BRAZIL. 



Cotton manufactures .................... S,837,r>25 ing their present vantage-ground in the mar- 



w"L U1 ^TwoS-iiaiufeciu^ 8 :::::: 1 S$4 fcets of the United States and of Europe. The 



jute manufactures ...................... 152,123 Brazilian coffee-crops have of late years been 



cL a?^e a ^tc CUtlery .................. 804WS abundant. Thus, as has been seen in the table 



Earthenware...' .'.'.'.'"!.'."!!.'.'!'.!.'!'.!.'.'!! ii-A'ik) last given, the crop of 1878 was 225,500,000 



Kails of all aorts ........................ kilogrammes, or 4 ( J6,100,000 pounds; that of 



cSwKht^aV..::::::::::::::'.'.: 885 i878-'79 was rather smaller, 222,349,800 kilo- 



Machinery and mill-work ............... I7i,7s9 grammes; that of 1879-'80, still smaller, was 



>" ............................... _ 84 ' 9 ' 27 174,543,480; while, on account of 1880-'81, 



Total ............................ 4,966,18$ for the first six months, ending on December 



OJl =* 24 ' 880 ' 6tf0 81, 1880, there had already been shipped 142,- 



(= $19 '" 8 ' b06) 622,820 kilogrammes, or almost seven eighths 



, ., of the entire quantity exported in the whole 



The imports from the same source for the f h immediately preceding. It was re- 



first six months ot 1881 were as follows: garded as probable that the crop of 1881-'82 



WS*&:::::::::::::::::: ***?$! wouidreach3,ooo,oooba g sofsixtykiio g rammes 



Linen manufactures .................... 8-M34 each, or 180,000.000 kilogrammes = 426,000,- 



jute manufactures ..................... 000 pounds. " The vear 1880 was not favorable 



Steam-engines .......................... 2b,U30 r . mi 



K^ ................................. 101,029 to coffee exportation, " observes a Kio journal. 



86, ,16 "The European markets remained apathetic 



S during the first half-year, with prices constantly 



Earthenware .......................... 86,729 low, while in the United States the presence 



Seed-otu^etc ..... is 614 * ' ar g e cargoes, presumed to be for account of 



" - 1 the Brazilian Government, kept speculators 



Total ........................... -fT'tllwo away. At home, holders and buyers found it 



difficult to agree, as the latter could not go 



Judging from the total of the first of these above certain limits in accordance with the 



two tables, that of the second would seem to situation of the markets the shipments were 



foreshadow a considerable decrease for 1881 f or ; -while the packers, unwilling to sacrifice 



as compared with 1880. the article by selling at a low price, endeav- 



Of all the Brazilian staples of export, coffee or ed a t all hazards to sustain their pretensions. 



is by far the chief. With her 530,000,000 * of I D the last months of the year, when coffee 



shrubs, producing on an average 260,000,000 f e il considerably in the American markets, 



kilogrammes or 572,000,000 pounds annually, some New York and Boston merchants, un- 



Brazil exports nearly one half of the entire quan- a ble to meet their losses thereby, suspended 



tity of coffee consumed in the world, her home payments. But no unfavorable impression was 



consumption not exceeding 110, 000,000 pounds, felt at Rio; on the contrary, the fortnight in 



Her prodigious superiority over all the other w hich the news of the failure was received 



coffee-growing countries individually and col- was that of greatest sales here. In ruin, the 



lectively may be seen by the following figures: production has increased greatly, but the con- 



- AHTITT PRODUCED sumption has increased equally, and its use in 



the fabrication of liquors has of late been ex- 



_ - ,11 



1S55. 1878. tensive. New means of transport have also 

 assisted, by cheapening freight. Of the 15,000 



Brazil. 163*400000 ^25^0000 P 5 P es made in the P rovmces of Rio de Janeiro, 



Dutch 'possessions'.!!!! 71,822/too 9l'404!sao about 9,000 proceeded from the Campos mar- 



West indies ........... 20,3on.ono 41,800,000 ]j e t. Pernambuco followed Rio in production, 



S n Africa!:::!!!!!! illlS 8S$0 9,000 pipes having been exported from Recife, 



Arabia ................ 6,i76,ooo 2,779,200 an d the home consumption being large. In 



merica 



Philippines 

 Oceania 



Total 



1,858,720 



830,151.880 



8.896,800 



491X843.200 



= 676,811,354 ibs. = 1,006,223,560 ibs. 



A significant fact of another kind is observed 

 on glancing at the foregoing columns of fig- 

 nres namely, that while coffee-culture has 

 taken an immense stride in the course of twen- 

 ty-three years, an astounding development is 

 noticeable in many other countries, and par- 

 ticularly in Central America ; and Brazilian 

 planters will do well to reflect that, though 

 the supremacy is decidedly theirs, no means 

 can safely be neglected by them of maintain- 



* In i88i. 



er than at Pernambuco, preventing shipments 

 thither. In tobacco the year 1880 was un- 

 profitable, if not, indeed, one of the losses and 

 liquidations for all the classes depending on 

 the manufacture of Minas tobacco. The low 

 p r | ceg w hich prevailed almost unchanged 

 throughout the year, despite a considerable 

 decrease i n the harvest, were attributed, by the 

 p ar tj e s interested, to the perturbation produced 

 i n commercial relations by the new taxes. But, 

 while it is ev i de nt that the taxes contributed 

 to the evilg po i nte d out, it is no less so that 

 the pr i nc i pa i caT j Se O f the decline in prices to 

 tne po ; nt O f b e mg unremunerative consisted in 

 the narrowil ess of the circle of foreign custom- 

 ers. And thus the three years of abundant 



