106 



CHINA. 



leading through Mongolia to the Eussian fron- 

 tier. It is stationed in the neighborhood of 

 Kalgan, and is placed under the command of 

 the military chief to whom is intrusted the 

 defense of Peking. 3. The Army of Turkistan, 

 numbering 40,OUO men, which is intended to 

 protect the western frontier. Besides these 

 armies of operation, there is to be another 

 army of about 100,000 men which is to occupy 

 the border provinces, and still another of about 

 the same strength for the defense of Peking, 

 and the preservation of order in the interior. 

 This would make a total of about 300,000 men, 

 which in time of war could be increased to 

 1,000,000 men. 



The Chinese fleet is composed of the three 

 squadrons of Canton, Foochow, and Shanghai. 

 According to a report of Captain A. Bocard, in 



the " Eevue Maritime et Coloniale," January, 

 1880, it contained the following vessels : 



Nothing definite is known about the reve- 

 nues of the Government, which are estimated 

 at 79,500,000 taels of Haikwau (1 Haikwau 

 tael = $1.40). The customs receipts in the 

 treaty ports have been published since 1861. 

 The amounts received have been as follows (in 

 Haikwau taels) : 



In 1874 the Chinese Government contracted 

 the first foreign debt, amounting to 13,500,000 

 taels ; of this amount 7,000,000 taels have been 

 paid, leaving a debt of 6,500,000 taels. The 

 home debt amounts to 30,000,000 taels. 



The foreign commerce of China with the 

 United States, Great Britain, Eussia, and other 

 countries of Europe, etc., during the years 

 1875-'81, was as given in the annexed table 

 (values expressed in Haikwau taels). 



The imports from and exports to the differ- 

 ent countries in 1879 and 1880 were as follows 

 (values expressed in Haikwau taels): 



The principal articles of import and export were as follows (in Haikwau taels) 



