116 



COLOMBIA. 



COLORADO. 



ports of Buenaventura, Tumaco, Guayaquil, 

 Payta, connecting at Callao with their line to 

 Valparaiso, and culling at eighteen different 

 ports along the coast. The line from Panama 

 to Guayaquil runs one steamer per month, 

 each way, calling at Ballenita, Manta Bahia, 

 Esmeraldas, Tumaco, Buenaventura. 



The port of Aspinwall is visited by steamers 

 making seventeen regular monthly arrivals and 

 as many departures, as follows : 



1. The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, 

 from Southampton ; nine steamers ; four arri- 

 vals per month. 



2. The West India and Pacific Steamship 

 Company, from Liverpool ; twelve steamers ; 

 two arrivals per month. 



3. The Cornpagnie G6ne>ale Transatlantique, 

 from St. Nazaire and Havre ; three steamers 

 per month. 



4. Hamburg American Line, from Hamburg ; 

 seven steamers ; two arrivals per month. 



6. Harrison Line, from Liverpool ; sixteen 

 steamers ; one arrival per month. 



6. Atlas Steamship Company, from New 

 York ; two arrivals per month. 



7. Pacific Mail Steamship Company (Amer- 

 ican) ; three steamers per month from New 

 York. 



Of the seven lines but one is American. 



The shipping movements at the port of Car- 

 tagena for the year ending August 81, 1879, 

 were as follows : 



The number of passengers carried by the 

 Panama Railway in 1876 was 22,940 ; in 1877, 

 22,110 ; in 1878, 24,921 ; and in 1879, 23,729. 



There were, in 1880, 1,850 miles of telegraph 

 in the republic, the number of dispatches hav- 

 ing been 150,204. The post-office returns for 

 1879-'80 were as follows: Letters, 463,832; 

 printed matter, 413,350 packets. 



In the department, of public instruction the 

 spirit of reform persists with its characteris- 

 tic energy. An industrial feature has of late 

 been imparted to the educational system, for 

 the development of knowledge in the direction 

 of technical professions ; and the conversion 

 of all the higher schools into schools of mines, 

 commerce, and agriculture is seriously talked 

 of in the right places. 



The construction of the four national rail- 

 ways is being assiduously carried on, writes a 

 native journalist. The Honda and Girardot 

 lines are far advanced. The Honda section 

 avoids the falls of Magdalena River, and will 

 be the first whose valuable services will be 

 available. The link line which has been run 

 along the east bank of the Magdalena is now 

 completed, and is already rendering important 

 aid as a means of communication between the 



upper and lower Magdalena. The Colombian 

 Guard, by their energy in forwarding these 

 works, have increased their already numerous 

 claims to national recognition. They can just- 

 ly boast that their sappers are the best road- 

 makers in the country ; five hundred and sixty 

 of these are now working on the Girardot and 

 Cauca lines. Engineers are now surveying the 

 railways of Subachoque, Samaca, and Pacho, 

 in the valley of the Andes, and the reports al- 

 ready furnished on the first two are highly 

 satisfactory. That of Samaca, which is the 

 joint work of the national and of the local 

 government of Boyaca, is spoken of as " an 

 honor to America." The Scientific Explora- 

 tion Commission, instituted by legal appoint- 

 ment, is now fully organized, and will shortly 

 initiate its valuable investigations. The dredg- 

 ing and deepening of the river Magdalena are 

 progressing rapidly under the favorable auspices 

 of scientific organization and ample funds. 

 The national elections for the renewal of the 

 legislative and executive staff, as well as those 

 for the partial renewal of a part of the staff of 

 government officials in some of the States, 

 have now taken place, and have been charac- 

 terized throughout the republic by perfect 

 freedom of expression and tranquillity. Dr. 

 Zaldua is the Federal President-elect of the 

 Congress, and he will be supported by able 

 representatives of every shade of political 

 opinion. The result of the elections may be 

 regarded as highly favorable to the existing 

 national policy of the present Government. 

 This sketch of political consolidation, and of 

 slow but sure industrial and scientific develop- 

 ment, is not without its drawbacks. The in- 

 habitants of the towns south of the Tolima, 

 and some in the center of Cundinamarca, are 

 experiencing the ravages of small-pox ; while 

 the locusts, which have not yet abandoned the 

 Atlantic coast, still desolate the Cauca, and 

 have appeared on the other side of Chicamoclia, 

 in the State of Santander. The seaport town 

 of Buenaventura was almost completely de- 

 stroyed by fire in April, 1881. 



COLORADO. The Legislature met on Jan- 

 uary 4th and adjourned on February 15th. In 

 his inaugural address Governor Pitkin called 

 attention to the mistaken policy of mining 

 corporations in issuing an excessive amount of 

 capital stock, that practice having a tendency 

 to create a prejudice against mining invest- 

 ments. Upon the subject of Chinese immigra- 

 tion and the Chinese residents of Colorado he 

 spoke at considerable length and with much 

 earnestness, dwelling upon the unwholesome 

 social and personal habits of the Chinese, and 

 upon the evil consequences of bringing their 

 labor into competition with American labor. 

 He deprecated violent outbreaks, such as oc- 

 curred in Denver in the fall of 1880, but de- 

 clared that the State, through its Legislature, 

 should unite with the Pacific coast States in 

 demanding congressional action prohibiting 

 further Chinese immigration. He referred to 



