CYPRUS. 



DAKOTA. 



poison is elevated very high in the nir, and the 

 dii-t is released in such a manner as to spread 

 it in an even shower. Gas-pressure has been 

 t'.illy usol to distribute poison. One of 

 the best murhiii ihe liniid through a 



system of branching tubes ending in a trailing 

 nVxihlo fork wliicli sprinkles two rows from 

 iimlorneath. With $10 or $15 outlay for ma- 

 chinery, an 1 lei-i th in live cents per acre for 

 material, ami with tho lahor of one man and a 

 team, 150 acres of cotton can be effectually 

 d in one day. 



Tho only vegetable poison which has proved 

 a protection against the cotton -worm is pyre- 

 thrum. Tho cultivation of the plants that 

 furnish this powder, which is so remarkably 

 deadly to insects without being harmful to 

 other life, the Department of Agriculture is 

 seeking to introduce in the United States. 



The business-men of the South look forward 

 with confidence to a rapid development of cot- 

 ton manufacture in the Southern States, and 

 the transfer to that section of the business of 

 New England and of Great Britain to a con- 

 siderable extent. Water-power is found in 

 ample quantities throughout large portions of 

 the cotton-region. The grounds on which 

 they base their belief that cotton-milling will 

 grow in their section, at the expense of the 

 present great centers of the industry, where 

 the investment of vast amounts of capital has 

 apparently fixed it for ever, are that the entire 

 cost of packing and of transport can be saved 

 and added to the profits of the Southern manu- 

 facturer. The cotton is also said to be better 

 and more easily worked before being com- 

 pressed in bales ; and the climate of the South, 

 as compared with that of the Northern States, 

 is said to be more favorable to the manufact- 

 ure, which requires no artificial moisture, and 

 is, hence, more healthful for the operatives. 

 The difference in the cost of material to the 

 Southern and the Northern manufacturer is 

 estimated as follows on each bale: bagging 

 and ties, $1 ; ginning and baling, $3 ; storage 

 and insurance. 75 cents; drayage, 20 cents; 

 sampling of two pounds, 20 cents ; compress- 

 ing, 75 cents; commissions and brokerage, 

 $2; freight to New England, and insurance, 



$5; loss by stealing, dirt, storms, careless 

 handling, etc., $3 in all, $14.90. This is 

 equivalent to H e nt a pound. The charges 

 for baling, transportation, and the services of 

 middle-men, paid by Northern and British man- 

 ufacturers on their takings from the crop of 

 1879, amounted to not less than $100,000,000, 

 or 40 per cent of the total receipts of the plant- 

 ers for the crop. 



The average cost of water-power in tho 

 Southern Stales is $6 per horse-power per 

 annum; while the steam-power used in some 

 of the large New England mills costs $12. The 

 Southern streams never freeze, and are seldom 

 affected by drought to any material extent. 

 The humidity of the Southern climate is almost 

 constant, and the hygrometric condition most 

 favorable to cotton manufacture prevails win- 

 ter and summer, the range rarely passing the 

 limits of 65 and 70. 



CYPRUS. This island, in respect to size, 

 occupies the third rank among her Mediter- 

 ranean sisters, and comes after Sicily and Sar- 

 dinia. Its length is about 140 miles ; its total 

 surface is estimated at 4,000 square miles. It 

 is crossed, lengthwise, by two chains of mount- 

 ains : the northern one follows the sea-shore, 

 fronting Caramania (the old Cilicia) ; the other 

 includes, in the north, the group of Olympus 

 or Troodos Mountains (6,621 feet of elevation). 

 Two plains, Morpha and Messaria, extend be- 

 tween those two chains; the latter, watered by 

 the Pidias, is very fertile. In the beginning 

 of the Christian era the population of the isl- 

 and amounted to 1,000,000 inhabitants. This 

 number is now considerably reduced ; and, al- 

 though, for want of a correct census, exact- 

 ness is out of the question, yet it is deemed 

 quite safe to affirm that it does not exceed 

 170,000 inhabitants, viz. : 



Oreeks 



Mussulmans ............................... 55,000 



Maronites ................................ 1,610 



Armenians .............................. 800 



Catholics .................................. 1.200 



Total 170,000 



The principal cities are Lefkosia, 20,000 

 inhabitants; Larnaka, 9,000; Limasol, 7,000; 

 and Famagusta, 6,000. 



DAKOTA. The area of this Territory, ac- 

 cording to the latest estimate of the United 

 States Government officials, is 150,932 square 

 miles. The previous estimate was 148,932 

 square miles. The population of the Territory 

 was 4,837 in 1860, and 14,181 in 1870. By 

 the census of 1880 it is 135,180. 



The Territory lies north of Nebraska and 

 west of Minnesota and Iowa. It was organ- 

 ized in 1861, and the first Legislature was con- 

 vened in 1862. It is divided into ninety-five 

 counties, of which only a part are organized. 



The capital of the Territory is Yankton, and 

 the Governor is Nehemiah G. Ordway. The 

 delegate in the United States Congress is Rich- 

 ard F. Pettigrew, a Republican. At his elec- 

 tion the vote was: Pettigrew, 18,909 ; McCor- 

 mick, Democrat, 9,182. 



The state of agriculture in some of the coun- 

 ties shows a very rapid improvement. In Cass 

 County is the famous Red River. The popu- 

 lation is about 12,000, and nearly all the land 

 of the county has been taken up. It is sold at 

 from five to fifteen dollars per acre. About 



