218 



DOMINION OF CANADA. 



811 in duties, or nearly 15 J per cent. The 

 duties collected on British imports in 1879 

 amounted to $0,446,985 on $37,431,180, being 

 K than 17 J per cent In 1880 the goods en- 

 tered for eoiiMimption from Great Britain de- 

 creased to $84,461,224, but the duty collected 

 \\;i> $6,787,997, averaging over 19$ percent. 

 The average percentage of duty on the values 

 imported was in 1877 12-68 per cent, 18-74 per 

 ivnt in 1878, 15-78 per cent in 1879, and in 

 1880 16-:54 per cent. The duty per head of 



Simulation in 1868 was $2.62. In 1879 the 

 uties i-olk-eted were $3.10 per capita; in 1880 

 they were $3.81 per capita, and in 1881 $4.82. 

 The exports of mining products decreased 

 from $3,187,722 in 1879 to $2,981,618 in 1880; 

 produce of fisheries from $7,072,203 to $6,- 

 663,347 ; forest products were exported to the 

 amount of $17,666,693, against $13,797,259 in 

 1879; the class of miscellaneous articles to the 

 amount of $759,196, against $450,997. The 

 exports of animals and animal products in- 

 creased from $14,737,393 in 1879 to $18,504,- 

 OIHI in 1880; those of agricultural produce from 

 $25,970,887 to $32,287,128. The total exports 

 of products of the soil thus increased from $iO,- 

 708,280 to $50,791,128, or 25 per cent. The 

 Canadian imports of manufactures at the same 

 time increased from $81,964,427 in 1879, to 

 $85,489,747 in 1880. The exports of manu- 

 factures were $4,715,776 in 1878, $3,228,761 in 

 1879, and $4,484,211 in 1880, showing an in- 

 crease under the new tariff of $1,255,450. But 

 of this increase only $542,336 represents Cana- 

 dian products, and these mainly partly manu- 

 factured articles. The duties on the raw ma- 

 terials and the implements of manufacturers, 

 and the increased cost of production owing to 

 the higher cost of living, transportation, etc., 

 worked by the tariff, have had the effect of 

 diminishing the exportation of many of the 

 more finished articles of Canadian manufacture. 

 Thus the exports of agricultural implements, 

 carriages, clothing, cordage, boots and shoes, 

 spirits, sewing-machines, machinery, woolens, 

 oil-cake, and other articles fell away, and some 

 of them very heavily. The ship-building indus- 

 try seems to have suffered most from the tariff. 

 The tonnage of vessels built declined from 

 106,976 tons in 1878 and 103,551 tons in 1879 to 

 68,756 tons in 1880. The number of tons regis- 

 tered fell off from 100,089 in 1878 and 94,882 

 in 1879, to 64,962 in 1880. The value of ships 

 sold to foreigners decreased from $1,236,146 

 in 1878, to $464,327 in 1880. 



The imports into the Canadian Dominion 

 and Newfoundland of the following classes of 

 British manufactures are valued in the British 

 trade returns for the first year of the new tariff 

 compared with the preceding year as follows: 



The exports of Canadian products, with coin 

 and bullion exports added, amounted to $78,- 

 638,089 in 1880-'81, as compared with $74,- 

 671,452 in 1879-'80, $63,136,611 in 1878-'79, 

 and $80,884,012 in 1872-'73, the year of largest 

 exportation. The classification of the exports 

 of the year is as follows : 



The shipments of lumber from the St. Law- 

 rence show a material decline in 1880-'81 as 

 compared with the previous year's exports. 

 The total exports of square timber from Que- 

 bec and the lower St. Lawrence amounted to 

 337,086 tons, against 434,103 tons in 1879-'80, 

 a decline of over 22 per cent. The decrease 

 was distributed over all kinds of lumber, but 

 was most marked in the export of white pine. 

 There was a still greater decline in the grain 

 export trade, amounting to 33-8 per cent. The 

 grain-shipments from Montreal fell from 22,- 

 194,054 to 14,671,308 bushels. The wheat ex- 

 port was 6,421,096 bushels, against 9,239,701 

 in 1880 ; the corn export 3,334,078, against 

 7,303,979 bushels ; peas were exported to the 

 amount of 3,111,583 bushels, showing a slight 

 gain ; oats to the amount of 1,211,221 bushels; 

 barley, 133,659 bushels; rye, 459,666 bushels. 

 The shipments of flour were 618,114 barrels. 



The present supply of beef is hardly suffi- 

 cient to maintain the new and flourishing meat- 

 exporting trade in the dimensions which it has 

 attained. Owing to this outlet for the surplus 

 product, the price of beef rose in Toronto to 

 sixteen cents a pound, and exporters in 1881 

 experienced much difficulty in obtaining car- 

 casses. The supply from Canada must, there- 

 fore, be small for some time to come, and may 

 cease unless prices remain high in England. 



The crops of grain averaged better in the 

 Dominion in 1881 than in the United States. 

 The opening up of a large extent of new coun- 

 try in the last few years has provided an abun- 

 dance of work for the whole Canadian popula- 

 tion since the revival of business. Wages have 

 risen to prices which even attract labor from 

 the United States. The lumber industry is se- 

 riously affected by the dearth of laborers. In 

 Ontario farmers have been unable to find 

 hands at $2.25 a day. On the new railroads 

 in Newfoundland $1.50 a day was paid to la- 

 borers. 



The lobster-canning industry on Prince Ed- 

 ward Island has been carried on but four 

 years; yet the lobsters have been consumed 

 in such quantities that they are fast giving out. 



