EXPOSITION, INTERNATIONAL COTTON. 



various forms that were exhibited, will cer- 

 tainly cost less than any rail-fence, vithout 

 taking into account the loss of land covered 

 by the " worm," or the hindrance to tidy cult- 

 ure which the rail presents. 



It has been found of late years that the cult- 

 ure of upland rice might be made a profitable 

 industry, if a cheap hulling- machine could be 

 invented, such as small farmers could afford to 

 buy. The mills used on the large rice planta- 

 tions for preparing rough rice are very expen- 

 sive. Two machines for this purpose, of mod- 

 erate price, were exhibited, which seem to 

 supply the want, and, if this proves to be the 

 case, the growth of rice may be extended in- 

 definitely beyond the lowlands on tlie coast 

 of South Carolina and Georgia. The rice 

 cleaner and polisher of William C. Howard, of 

 Grahamsville, South Carolina, received the gold 

 medal, or $100. Mowers and reapers, thrash- 

 ing-machines, separators and cleaners, of the 

 finest make, were represented in goodly num- 

 ber, and, considering their high price, have 

 been extensively purchased by those farmers 

 who have had the wisdom to increase their 

 crops of small grain and of the grasses, with a 

 view to make their farms self-sustaining. On 

 many farms where, in the past, wheat and 

 oats, barley and rye, grass and clover, were 

 harvested with the old-fashioned cradle, the 

 rapid click of the mowers and reapers seen at 

 the exposition will be heard this year. The 

 display of agricultural implements and ma- 

 chinery may be truly called, as Mr. Edward 

 Atkinson has remarked, " an exhibition of the 

 beginnings of new processes, and for the cor- 

 rection of the errors in old methods an exhi- 

 bition of the potentialities of the future," and 

 in this consists its value to the agriculturists of 

 the South. 



Minerals and Woods. No department of the 

 exposition exhibited so forcibly the wondrous 

 nature and extent of the material resources of 

 the Southern States as that devoted to the dis- 

 play of minerals and woods, collected chiefly 

 by the leading railroad companies. Here were 

 collected, as Mr. Killibrew (in charge of the de- 

 partment) remarked, " every mineral that con- 

 tributes to the arts and every variety of timber 

 which grows between the St. Lawrence and 

 the Gulf of Mexico." These specimens of the 

 products of the mines and forests gave unde- 

 niable and tangible proof of the practically 

 limitless and hitherto undeveloped resources of 

 the South, so that it is reasonable to expect 

 that in the near future a quickening impulse 

 will be given to all kinds of industrial develop- 

 ment to which this region has until now been 

 a stranger. A detailed description of the ores 

 and woods would far exceed the limits of this 

 notice. The collection of minerals, of forest 

 products, and of hard and ornamental and 

 useful woods, presented by the Richmond and 

 Danville Railroad Company, received the high- 

 est prize certificate of award, and cash pre- 

 mium of $200. The collections by the West- 



ern and Atlantic Railroad of Georgia ; by the 

 Great Northern and Texas and Pacific Rail- 

 road ; by the Louisville and Nashville Rail- 

 road ; by the Georgia Pacific ; and by the Nash- 

 ville,- Chattanooga and St. Louis Railroad, 

 though not as large as that of their more suc- 

 cessful competitor, were equally interesting and 

 instructive, and received appropriate commen-; 

 dation from the judges. The richness and com- 

 prehensiveness of their displays, gathered and 

 prepared in great haste, surprised the railroad 

 managers who made them. These various col- 

 lections of minerals and woods will not be 

 scattered. They will be permanently preserved 

 and enlarged. That of the Richmond and Dan- 

 ville Railroad has been removed to Richmond, 

 Virginia, where it will constitute a valuable 

 illustration of the mineral and forest wealth of 

 the States which that road traverses. That of 

 the Western and Atlantic Railroad has been 

 moved to Washington, where it will be ar- 

 ranged in the Museum of the Department of 

 Agriculture. A large portion of the other ex- 

 hibits has been moved to Athens, Georgia, to 

 be placed in the Museums of the State College 

 of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts of the 

 University of Georgia. 



Steam-Engines, etc. The display of engines, 

 and of the implements and apparatus used 

 in connection with them, was large and of 

 great variety as to shape and power, but there 

 was nothing specially new in their construc- 

 tion or application. The traction-engines from 

 Aultman & Co., Canton, Ohio, and Gaar, Scott 

 & Co., Richmond, Indiana, and other manu- 

 facturers, and the vertical engines of one, two, 

 three, four, five, six, eight, ten, and twelve 

 horse-power, from the New York Safety Steam- 

 Power Company, New York (the latter re- 

 ceived the highest award), were among those 

 most worthy of particular notice. It is grati- 

 fying to observe the extent to which steam is 

 taking the place of horse-power in the work 

 of the farm wherever it is applicable. There 

 were several steam saw-mills, with gang-saws, 

 circular saws, band-saws, etc., the machinery 

 of some of which was in action, which were 

 much admired for their speed and precision. 

 Those of Lane & Bodley, Cincinnati, Ohio, were 

 awarded the gold medal. There was also a fine 

 display of machinery and tools for breaking and 

 dressing stones, and for working wood and 

 metal. The machine for the manufacture of 

 steel-barbed fence-wire was the most noticed, 

 from its novelty, and that of the industry 

 which it has created. In the group designated 

 " transportation," including pleasure-carriages, 

 phaetons, buggies, etc., etc., the exhibit was 

 meager and unattractive. Under this head 

 were exhibited coffins, undertakers' supplies, 

 metallic caskets, described as " ornamental," 

 "full ornamental," and "half ornamental," 

 which seemed to justify the description. In 

 classifying the means of transportation, it was 

 appropriate to begin with the baby-carriage, 

 of which there were many specimens, then pass 



