374 



GREECE. 



tion to be 35,246,562, as according to the last 

 census, the expenses enumerated above amount 

 to 19 per head per annum, or 1271d. per head 

 per day. 



GREECE, a kingdom of Southeastern Eu- 

 rope. Reigning King, George I, born Decem- 

 ber 24, 1845, second son of the reigning King of 

 Denmark ; elected King of the Hellenes by the 

 National Assembly of Athens, March 18 (30), 

 1863; accepted the crown June 6, 1863; de- 

 clared of age by a decree of the National As- 

 sembly, June 27, 1863; married October 27, 

 1867, to Olga, daughter of the Grand Duke 

 Constantine of Russia, born August 22, 1851. 

 Their children are: Constantinos, Duke of 

 Sparta, born August 2, 1868; George, born 

 June 24, 1869 ; Alexandra, born August 30, 

 1870; Nicholas, born January 21, 1872; Maria, 

 born March 3, 1876 ; Olga, born April 6, 1880. 



The area is 65,229 square kilometres; the 

 population, according to the census of 1879, 

 2,067,775.* 



The movement of population was as fol- 

 lows : 



Marriages. 



Exclusive of still-births. 



Excess of 



births. 



1875 10,250 44,886 80,986 18,450 



1876 8,758 47,248 81,088 16,165 



1877 9,472 46,855 81,280 15,075 



1878 8,608 44,921 80,538 14,833 



The receipts and expenditures in the budget 

 of 1881 were as follows (value in drachmas; 

 1 drachma = 19'3 cents) : 



RECEIPTS. Drachmas. 



Direct taxes 10,596,000 



Indirect taxes 24,800,000 



Posts and telegraphs 1,854,200 



Public domains 2,780,860 



Sale of national lands 4,128,000 



Miscellaneous receipts 4,997,000 



Church revenues 896,000 



49,051,560 



EXPENDITURES. Drachmas. 



Public debt 21,023,000 



Pensions 8,889,960 



Civil list 1,1 25,000 



Chambers 560,000 



Ministry of Finance 1,629,798 



" " Foreign Affairs 1,689,286 



" "Justice 8,018,288 



w " the Interior 5,249,859 



" " Public Worship and Educa- 

 tion 2,477,885 



" "War 71,823,580 



" "Navy 5,282,680 



Cost of collecting the revenue 2,458,103 



' Miscellaneous 4,488,200 



Total 124,155,139 



Deficit 75,103,579 



The foreign debt in 1881 amounted to 320,- 

 215,176 drachmas, the home debt to 170,192,- 

 133 drachmas in all, 490,407,309 drachmas. 



The Greek army, according to a royal decree 

 of January 8, 1881, is to be as follows: 



* Inclusive of Thessaly and Epirus. ceded by Turkey in 

 IfeSl. For a table showing the area and population of each of 

 the nomarchies into which the kingdom is divided, see " An- 

 nual Cyclopaedia " for 1879. 



Ministry of War and staffs. 



Infantry 



Cavalry 



Artillery 



Engineers 



Gensdarmes 



Sanitary troops, etc 



Officers. 



104 

 1,004 



-7 

 196 

 120 



89 

 552 



2,152 



Men. 



115 

 66.821 

 2.769 

 6,789 

 4,514 

 6,258 

 8,714 



79,925 



The fleet in 1881 consisted of 15 vessels, of 

 9,562 tons with 68 guns. Of these, two were 

 ironclads, of 2,480 tons, 200 horse-power, and 

 with eight guns. 



The imports in 1875 amounted to 114,486,- 

 000 drachmas, and the exports to 75,764,000 

 drachmas. 



The only railroad is the line connecting 

 Athens with the Pirrous, which is 12 kilome- 

 tres long. The telegraphic lines in 1879 were 

 4,009 kilometres and the wires 5,006 kilome- 

 tres long. The number of offices was eighty- 

 three, and the dispatches 331,059. The num- 

 ber of post-offices in 1878 was 145 ; the number 

 of letters carried, 3,215,232 ; of postal cards, 

 12,168; of newspapers, 2,340,884; of printed 

 matter and samples of merchandise, 41,990. 



Preparations for a war with Turkey, and the 

 conquest of the provinces of Thessaly and Epi- 

 rus, which were awarded to Greece by the Con- 

 ference of Berlin, were in full progress in the 

 beginning of the year. A new loan of 128,000,- 

 000 francs was voted, and an advance of 25,- 

 000,000 francs given immediately. The guar- 

 antees for the loan were the tax on tobacco, the 

 proceeds of the sale of national lands, and the 

 privilege of issuing bank-notes in Thessaly and 

 Epirus after the annexation. The Chamber ad- 

 journed on the 3d of January, after the passage 

 of the bill, till the 27th of the same month. The 

 National Guard, composed of the men between 

 thirty and forty years of age, and also the re- 

 serve, numbering 10,000 or 15,000, were called 

 out in January, thus increasing the strength of 

 the army to 80,000 men. The message of the 

 French Secretary for Foreign Affairs, denying 

 that the settlement of Berlin was binding on 

 Turkey or guaranteed by the powers, created 

 a feeling of dread and dismay. But no party 

 expressed itself in favor of submitting the 

 boundary question to rearbitration. Coumoun- 

 douros, the Prime Minister, who had shown no 

 hesitation in placing the army on a war foot- 

 ing, in his public utterances expressed hopes 

 of the pacific termination of the dispute and of 

 harmony with the will of Europe, but carefully 

 avoided any words which implied a waiver of 

 the claims founded on the award of Berlin. 

 Trikoupis, the leader of. the Opposition, which 

 was as strong in the Legislature and in the 

 country as the Government, was the spokes- 

 man of the most belligerent and uncompromis- 

 ing upholders of the Berlin line. Any sign of 

 yielding to the diplomatic pressure would be 

 the signal for the overthrow of the ministry. 

 The people were entirely in earnest in their 

 warlike aspirations. They fully expected to 



