IMMIGRATION. 



413 



TO PACIFIC STATES AND TERRITORIES. 



140 



New York continues to be the most im- 

 portant port of arrival for immigrants. Be- 

 tween 1847 and 1880 it received 6,184,396, or 

 more than 80 per cent of all who came to the 

 country. The arrivals at the several ports 

 from 1871 to 1880, inclusive, were as follows : 

 Atlantic coast ports: New York, 1,712,331; 

 Boston, 198,259; Baltimore, 94,453; Phila- 

 delphia, 66,436 ; Passamaquoddy, Maine, 34,- 

 861; Portland, 20,620; twelve other ports 

 north of Cape Henry, 1,547; total for the Atlan- 

 tic ports north of Cape Henry, 2,743,432. Gulf 

 ports : New Orleans, 33,953 ; Key West, 

 9,655; Galveston, 3,475; total for all ports 

 from Cape Henry to the Rio Grande, 49,901. 

 Lake ports: Fifteen lake ports, from Cham- 

 plain to Duluth, 485,025. The most impor- 

 tant of the lake ports, and the second most im- 

 portant port for immigration in the country, is 

 Huron, Michigan, which received in ten years 

 437,068 British Americans (including, perhaps, 

 a few thousands who came from Europe by 

 way of the St. Lawrence) seeking homes in 

 the Northwestern States. Pacific ports : San 

 Francisco, 133,932 (122,436 of whom were from 

 China); ports of Oregon, 11,339; Alaska, 113; 

 total Pacific ports, 2,812,177. Whole number 

 of arrivals during the ten years 1871-1880, 

 2,812,177. Of these, 436,871 were from Ire- 

 land and 781,191 from Germany. 



A marked feature in the immigration of re- 

 cent years is the current from the British North 

 American provinces, which has reached such 

 proportions as to have attracted the serious 

 attention of the authorities of the Dominion. 

 The number of arrivals in 1880 was 112,712 

 from the Dominion of Canada and 139,761 

 from all the British Provinces, and 881,000 

 persons are shown by the records to have come 

 to the United States from British-American 

 provinces since 1820, besides whom many thou- 

 sands must have come over the border without 

 being recorded. The immigration from Russia 

 is made up to a considerable extent of Mennon- 

 ites from the Crimea and other southern parts 

 of the empire, who, having removed from the 

 German states in obedience to their principles 

 of non-resistance to escape compulsory mili- 

 tary service, and under the inducement of an 

 offer of special privileges if they would settle 

 in Russia, are now removing thence on account 

 of the withdrawal of those privileges. Jewish 

 immigrants are beginning to arrive from Rus- 

 sia in considerable numbers, having been driv- 



en away by the persecutions and indignities 

 that have been inflicted upon them during the 

 past year. Fifteen hundred of these people 

 had arrived at the end of December, 1881. 

 They receive care and attention from their co- 

 religionists in Europe and America through 

 their regularly organized societies. The immi- 

 grants are stated, by an American committee 

 appointed for their care, to comprise men of all 

 professions, trades, and pursuits, with their 

 families, and to be largely composed of people 

 likely, in the end, to prove valuable to the 

 country. An immigrant aid society has been 

 formed in the city of New York for the pur- 

 pose of providing for the wants of the immi- 

 grants as they arrive and of directing them to 

 suitable places of residence, and has appointed 

 agents to visit Europe and raise among the 

 Jews there who are represented as ready to 

 contribute funds for establishing colonies. 

 The immigrants who have already arrived have 

 been dispatched to points in the West and 

 Southwest, and an agricultural colony has been 

 established on Sicily Island, Catahoula Parish, 

 Louisiana. 



The Chinese come chiefly to the Pacific slope, 

 and for the most part through the port of San 

 Francisco. Consequently, it is in the Pacific 

 States alone that the Chinese have become so 

 numerous as to attract special attention. In 

 five of these States their number has increased 

 in ten years as follows : California, from 49,- 

 310 in 1870 to 75,025 in 1880 ; Oregon, from 

 3,330 in 1870 to 9,506 in 1880 ; Nevada, from 

 3,152 in 1870 to 5,420 in 1880; Washington, 

 from 234 in 1870 to 3,182 in 1880; and Ari- 

 zona, from 20 in 1870 to 1,632 in 1880; and it 

 has decreased in Montana from 1,949 in 1870 

 to 1,737 in 1880, and in Idaho from 4,274 in 

 1870 to 3,378 in 1880. The whole number of 

 Chinese in the United States increased from 

 63,254 in 1870 to 105,679 in 1880. 



The following table shows the whole num- 

 ber of immigrants that arrived in the United 

 States between 1783 and 1880. 



IMMIGRANTS FROM 1783 TO 18SO. 



Chief nationalities. Nnmbtr. 



England 053,898 



Ireland 8,137,864 



Scotland 172,187 



Wales 19,066 



Not specified 560,242 



Total British Islands 4,842,757 



[The " not specified " includes the 250,000 arriving 

 before IS'20.] 



CONTINENTAL EUROPE. 



Germany and Austria 8,159,072 



Scandinavia 420,869 



France 818,013 



Switzerland 89,815 



Italy 79,098 



Holland and Belgium 72,138 



Russia 42,882 



Spain and Portugal 87,802 



Poland 17,008 



Hungary 10,443 



Other countries and not specified 408,410 



Total . 4,650,055 



British Islands 4,842,757 



AllEurope 9.492,812 



