418 



INDIA. 



at the time provided in the Constitution and laws, or, 

 in case there be no occasion under the law for an elec- 

 tion, until the existing term of office of the President 

 BO removed, resigned, dead, or disabled, shall have 

 expired. 



There was a brief debate on Mr. Beck's reso- 

 lution before the holiday recess, but the general 

 consideration of the subject went over to the 

 part of the session belonging to the year 1882. 



INDIA. A British viceroyalty in Asia. 

 Viceroy and Governor-General of Bengal, Mar- 

 quis of Ripon, appointed in 1880. Commander- 

 in-chief of the army, General Sir D. M. Stew- 

 art. The Executive and Legislative Council is 

 composed as follows : the Viceroy, Commander- 

 in-chief, Whitley Stokes, Sir A. Kivers Thomp- 

 son, James Gibbs, Major Ev Baring, and 



Major-General T. F. Wilson. Lieutenant-gov- 

 ernors of the provinces are honorary members 

 of the Council, when it meets in their respect- 

 ive provinces. Government Secretaries : for 

 the Interior, C. E. Bernhardt ; for the Finances, 

 R. C. Chapman ; for Foreign Affairs, Sir A. E. 

 Lyell ; for Military Affairs, Colonel G. T. Ches- 

 ney; for Public Works, Colonel A. Fraser; 

 for Legislative Affairs, D. Fitzpatrick. The 

 governors of the different provinces are as fol- 

 lows: Bengal, Lieutenant-Governor Sir A. 

 Eaden; Northwestern Provinces, Lieutenant- 

 Governor Sir G. E. W. Couper, Bart. ; Pun- 

 jab, Lieutenant-Governor Sir R. E. Egerton; 

 Central Provinces, Chief Commissioner J. H. 

 Morris; British Burmah, Chief Commissioner 

 Sir C. N. Atchison; Madras, Governor-Gen- 

 eral Rt. Hon. M. E. Grant-Duff; Bombay, 

 Governor-General Sir James Fergusson. 



The area of British India and the population 

 according to the census of 1871-'72 are as fol- 

 lows: 



Calcutta 688,468 ! Meyroot 60,892 



Bombay 758,000 I Shahjehanpoor 77,588 



The preliminary reports on the census of 

 1881, as far as published, are as follows : Low- 

 er Bengal, 68,750,747; Northwest Provinces 

 (exclusive of Oude), 32,699,436; Oude, 11,- 

 407,625; Punjab, 22,640,463 ; Central Prov- 

 inces, 11,098,601 ; British Burmah, 3,704,253 ; 

 Ajmeer, 455,944; Mysore, 4,186,499; Coorg, 

 178,283 ; Presidency of Bombay, 14,025,593 ; 

 Sinde, 2,404,934; Baroda, 2,154,469; Rajpoo- 

 tana, 10,881,166. 



The population of the principal cities, accord- 

 ing to the census of 1881, is as follows : 



Madras 405,948 



Lucknow 261,481 



Benares 207,670 



Agra, 187,908 



Allahabad 150,878 



Cawnpoor 119,603 



BareUly 101,688 



Kangoon 13ii,004 



Mirzapoor 62,495 



Moradabad 67,158 



Aliyghur 62,461 



Goruckpoor 68,699 



Seharunpoor 68,742 



Muttra 54,985 



Mulmain 68,080 



Hyderabad 263,005 



The emigration of coolies in 1878 was as fol- 

 lows: 



From Calcutta 18.488 



" Madras 8,890 



" French ports 2,804 



Total 25,182 



The destination of these coolies was as fol- 

 lows. 



British colonies 19,698 



French colonies 6,165 



Dutch Guiana 824 



Total 25,182 



The gross receipts were estimated in the 

 budget for 1881 -'82 at 70,981,000, the ordi- 

 nary expenditures at 70,126,000, and the ex- 

 traordinary expenditures at 4,973,000, making 

 the total expenditure 75,099,000. 



The public debt on March 31, 1878, amounted 

 to 146,684,770. 



The closed accounts of Indian finances for 

 the year 1879-'80 show a revenue of 68,484,- 

 666 and an expenditure of 69,667,615, leav- 

 ing a deficit of 1,182,949, as against an es- 

 timated deficit of 1,355,000 in the budget 

 estimate of the year before. The revenue 

 exceeded the estimate by 3,922,000, and the 

 expenditure by 3,750,000. The receipts from 

 opium exceeded the estimate by 1,900,000, 

 and there was also a considerable improvement 

 in the returns from public works. The unex- 

 pected increase in expenditures was owing to 

 war expenses and frontier railway construc- 

 tion in connection with the Afghan war. The 

 extraordinary discrepancies between the esti- 

 mates of the war expenditures and the actual 

 returns were ascribed to inaudited issues of 

 money from the local treasuries to the military 

 department, which the negligent military ac- 

 countants failed to notice. 



In the budget estimates for the year 1880- 

 '81, made the year before, the revenue was set 

 down at 66,746,000 and the expenditures at 

 66,329,000, giving an estimated surplus of 

 417,000. The regular estimates for that year 

 make the revenue 70,768,000 and the ex- 

 penditure 77,037,000, showing a deficit of 

 6,269,000. This deficit was, like that of the 

 previous year, due to war expenditures. There 

 was an increase of no less than 1,218,000 in 

 the opium revenue, of 309,000 in excise, and 

 of 351,000 in customs. The land revenue 

 showed a falling off of 295,000, which is ex- 

 pected to be recovered in the following year, 

 as the officials neglected to make collections, 

 being so occupied with the census. 



The budget estimate for 1881-'82 reckons 

 the revenue at 70,981,000 and the expendi- 

 tures at 70,126,000, giving an estimated sur- 



