ITALY. 



447 



Brought forward 61 8,471 



Artillery 5<J,807 



18,U84 

 17,591 

 8,210 

 4,524 

 273 

 851 

 1.833 

 2,102 

 11,930 

 2,421 



1. Standing army 736,502 



2. Provincial militia 281,867 



8. Officers of reserve 3,133 



4 Territorial militia 697,426 



Total... 1,7 



Engineers. 



Gendarmes 



Military schools 



8 unitary companies 



Veterans 



Stud depots 



Disciplinary companies. 



Penal institutions 



Officers in service 



Other officers . . . 



principal articles of import and export were as 

 follows (in lire) : 



The navy was composed as follows on Jan- 

 uary 1, 1880: 



The commercial value of the imports in 1880 

 amounted to 1,224,800,000 lire, and of the ex- 

 ports to 1,130,600,000 lire. The value of the 



The movement of shipping in 1879 is exhib- 

 ited by the following table : 



The aggregate length of railroads in opera- 

 tion was on December 31, 1879, 8,289 kilome- 

 tres. The number of postal stations at the 

 close of 1879 was 3,272; of letters and postal- 

 cards forwarded, 163,477,173; of printed mat- 

 ter, 143,729,598 ; of money orders, 3,903,960. 

 The aggregate length of telegraph lines at the 

 end of 1879 was 25,533 kilometres; of wires, 

 84,801 kilometres, exclusive of 175 kilometres 

 of submarine cables. The number of offices 

 was 1,494, exclusive of those belonging to rail- 

 roads and other companies (737). The total 

 number of dispatches in 1879 was 5,502,581. 



Every Italian statesman must take account of 

 the possibility of a foreign war. The geograph- 



ical situation and physical conditions of Italy 

 have rendered her soil in all ages a temptation 

 and a prey to conquerors. The imperium in 

 imperio of the Roman Catholic Church awaits 

 the undoing of the newly founded state. It 

 exercises a moral sway over the hearts and 

 minds of millions in every country, which may, 

 in the course of events, give it an influence over 

 the springs of political and international action, 

 and is a source of constant apprehension. This 

 is the more real, owing to the recent reconstruc- 

 tion of Italian existence and the circumstances 

 under which it was attained. Fearful lest a 

 fatal blow should be struck at the unified king- 

 dom through the Church or in some fresh dis- 



