JEWS. 



Number. Tonnage. 



1M 



714 



42,768 



The number of junks dofreased 8,978 in the 

 same timo. Tlu- roust rue-lion of ships in 1880 

 was on a greater scale than in preceding 



The Bomber of ships that entered the Yoko- 

 hama harbor during the year 1880 was as fol- 

 lows: 



Foreign nwll-pmck 

 Mcreauit tfuifr 



- 



91 



60 



146 



Madooal mail-packeU and merchant- vessels... 1,225 



ToUl 1.&22 



The amount of duties received by the Yoko- 

 hama custom-house during the year 1880 was 

 1,895,587 yen. 



A Japanese commissioner was sent in 1881 

 ;istantinople and empowered to negotiate 

 with the Minister of Foreign Affairs for direct 

 commercial relations between Japan and Tur- 

 key. Tea and silk are the principal articles 

 which the Japanese wish to put upon the Con- 

 stantinople market, and to this end the Gov- 

 ernment proposes the establishment of a direct 

 line of steamers. 



Samples of ten different sorts of marble were 

 sent from Japan to the Melbourne International 

 Exhibition, held in 1881. One was a marble, 

 similar to the Italian Sevaressa, so much in 

 demand in Europe and America for columns, 

 mantel-pieces, etc. It is found on the Souke- 

 nawa Mountain, and worth at Yokohama $2.20 

 per cubic foot. There are quarries of a blue- 

 and-wbite marble, of a fineness seldom met 

 with. Another marble is black, resembling in 

 all respects Belgian and Irish marbles of the 

 same color. Another sample was a statuary 

 marble of great purity, extracted from Mayoni 

 Mountain, and valued at about $8 per cubic 

 foot. Another statuary marble is claimed to 

 be equal to the best Italian marbles. A speci- 

 men of alabaster of fine color was also ex- 

 hibited. 



JEWS. THEIR NUMBERS, AND THEIR PERSE- 

 CUTIONS IN GERMANY AND IK RUSSIA. An ac- 

 curate census of the Jewish population of the 

 world can not be obtained without more diffi- 

 culty than its importance demands. The most 

 reliable estimates are very uniform in putting 

 the number of the Jews above six millions. 

 Professor Bruniatti, in the "Archives of Statis- 

 tics," puts the number at seven millions. In 

 Europe their number is reckoned to be 5,500,- 

 000, averaging among the Latin race one Israel- 

 ite to 1,100 persons, and among the Slav races 

 forty to the 1,000. In Russia they are reck- 

 oned at 2,700.000 ; Austro-Hungary, 1,500,000 ; 

 Germany, 650,000 ; Roumania, 400,000 ; Tur- 

 key, 100,000; Holland, 70,000; France, 50,- 

 000; England, 70,000 ; Italy, 40,000 ; Switzer- 

 land, 7,000; Spain, 6,000; Greece, 5,000; 

 Servia, 4,500 ; Belgium, 3,000 ; Sweden, 2,000 ; 



Portugal 1,000. In Africa they are reckoned 

 at 500,000, of whom 200,000 are in Morocco, 

 84,000 in Algiers, 60,000 in Tunis, 100,000 in 

 Tripoli, and 8,000 in Egypt, 



In Asia the Israelites are estimated at about 

 240,000, of whom 150,000 are in Asiatic Turkey 

 and Arabia, 30,000 in the Caucasus, 20,000 in 

 IVrsia, 15,000 in India, 12,000 in Turkistan, 

 and 1,000 in China, 



The number in the United States is esti- 

 mated at 300,000, and 8,000 in South Ameri- 

 ca; in Oceania and Australia, at the most, 

 20,000. 



At the Council of the Union of American 

 Hebrew Congregations held at Chicago, Illi- 

 nois, in July, the Committee on Statistics re- 

 ported that there were in the United States, in 

 the year 1878, 278 congregations, with a mem- 

 bership of 12,546, and the number of Israelites, 

 as far as could be ascertained, was 230,257 ; 

 and, making fair allowance for such cities, 

 towns, or villages, from which no informa- 

 tion could be derived, the Jewish population 

 of the United States can be safely placed at 

 250,000. 



The " Jewish World " publishes the follow- 

 ing statistics of the Jews of the world, recently 

 compiled by the German ethnographical schol- 

 ar, Richard Andree : 



EUROPE : 



Eoumania 400,000 



European Russia 2,552,549 



Austro-Hungary (1869) 1,872,883 



German Empire (1875) 520,575 



Holland (1869) 68,008 



European Turkey (before the last war). . 71,372 



Luxemburg (1875) 661 



Switzerland (1870) 6.996 



Denmark (1870) 4,290 



Great Britain and Ireland (1S7S) 68,800 



Servia 2,000 



France (1872) 49,489 



Italy (1871) 85,356 



Greece ( 1 870) 2,582 



Belgium (1SY8) 8.000 



Sweden (1870) 1,836 



Norway (1875) 84 



Spain 6,000 



Portugal 1,000 



Total in Europe 5,166,326 



Africa 402,996 



. Asia 182,847 



America 807,963 



Australia 20,000 



Grand total 6,080,182 



This does not include the Falashas, who 

 number about 200,000, and other pseudo- 

 Jews. 



Agitation in Germany against the Jews has 

 been a serious affair. There naturally arise 

 in relation to it the following questions, viz. : 

 Who are the parties attacked, and who are the 

 assailants? What faults are the Jews accused 

 of? In what way is their influence held to be 

 injurious to political, economical, or social life 

 in Germany? What practical measures are 

 proposed? And in what spirit do the Jews 

 meet the charges, and how do they repel the 

 accusations made against them ? 



1. The word " Jew " is used in its strictly 

 religious sense, and also as applied to the Jew- 



