604 



LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1881. 



poet Achilles Paraschos fills three volumes, 

 and represents the activity of twenty years. 

 In days when the realistic school is beginning 

 to gain ground in Greece he has remained true 

 to the romantic school. He is the most con- 

 siderable Greek lyric poet of the day. The 

 wit of the TftuTtf of Demetrius Kokkos is pure 

 Attic. Georgios Suris shows talent in his 

 comic verses. Georgios Drosinis is a young 

 and promising poet. In his collection of lyr- 

 i-s, Cobwebs," ho wavers between the ten- 

 derness of Copp6e and the humor of Heine. 

 The t'alderon medal offered by the Madrid 

 Academy has been carried off from thirteen 

 competitors by Const Xenos. 



The editing of unpublished sources of the 

 history of mediaeval Greece and of texts of 

 popular literature is zealously pursued. Con- 

 stantino Sathas has brought out in Paris the 

 first two volumes of bis "Monuments Grecs." 

 Lambros has completed his edition of the hith- 

 erto inedited works of M. Akominatos, Bishop 

 of Athens (1182-1220), and has published at 

 Paris his " Collection de Romans Grecs," a 

 collection of mediaeval Greek poems. A. Mili- 

 arakis has printed the epopee on Basilios Di- 

 genis Acritas. Gabriel Sophocles has brought 

 out a versified work of the polymath Csesarios 

 Daponte. Gabriel Destunis has published at 

 St. Petersburg the song of Armuris and a thre- 

 not on the capture of Athens by the Turks. 

 He has also issued a popular poem of Trebi- 

 zond, " Xanthinos." The late Professor "Wag- 

 ner's " Trois Poemes Grecs du Moyen Age in- 

 edits" have been printed. A. Sigalas has pub- 

 lished, under the title of " Collection of Na- 

 tional Poetry," about 400 popular songs with 

 the music. Interesting is the collection of 

 Epirote songs made by the late Pan. Aravan- 

 tinos. 



In philology there are : A metrical transla- 

 tion in the popular language of the " Odyssey " 

 by Jacob Polylas ; the treatises by A. Tzerepis 

 upon Greek compound words ; upon the Are- 

 opagus, by K. Papamichalopulos ; on the " Fes- 

 tivals of the Ancient Greeks," by A. Maltos ; 

 "Critical Remarks on Strabo," and on "The 

 Native City of Paeonius of Mende," by M. Di- 

 mitsas; and on " The Scientific Determination 

 of Ancient Greek Plants by Aid of the Present 

 Names," by S. Krinos. "A Short Account of 

 Education among the Modern Greeks," by C. 

 Xanthopulos, is a useful book. Praise is due 

 to the work published in Paris by G. Chasiotis, 

 " L'Instruction Publique chez les Grecs depuis 

 la Prise de Constantinople," in which the his- 

 tory of the formation of schools throughout 

 Hellenic lands during the last four hundred 

 years is related. 



N. Philippidis has treated of an interesting 

 chapter in the national history in his work on 

 "The Uprising in Macedonia in 1821." The 

 " Historical Studies " of M. Renieris treat of 

 the accession of the Candiote Philip Filarges 

 to the Papal throne as Alexander V, and of 

 the position of the Byzantine Empire at the 



Council of Bale. A work written in German 

 by S. Pappageorg, " Ueber den Aristeasbrief," 

 contains a collation of a codex hitherto unused. 

 G. Derbos treats of " The Legendary Journey 

 of St. Peter to Rome." 



HOLLAND. A young author, G. Jonckbloet, 

 has given in " Vlindertjens " ("Butterflies") 

 some charming poems. Mallinckrodt's patriotic 

 poems and Lovendaal's love poems are writ- 

 ten with warmth of feeling. A little volume 

 of the poetry of Mrs. Hymans-Herzveld, uho 

 has died, has just been issued. Under the 

 pseudonym of " Fiore della Neve " a poet has 

 come before the public with "Liefde in het 

 Zuiden " (" Love in the South "), narrating a 

 love tragedy in verse of a very high order. 



A prose translation of all the plays of Shake- 

 speare has been completed this year by A. S. 

 Kok. 



An interesting book for the history of the 

 Church is Pierson's "Studien over Calvyn," 

 by which he has highly incensed the admirers 

 of Calvin. 



The fact that Holland and Belgium have re- 

 joiced in 1881 in the fiftieth anniversary of 

 their separation has led many to write once 

 more about the war of 1831, and. the campaign 

 of ten days. So Wupperman has written the 

 " Geschiedenis van den Tiendaagschen Veld- 

 tocht " ; Weitzel, " Herrinneringen van een oud- 

 Vrywilliger " (" Memoirs of an ex-Volunteer "), 

 and Captain de Bas, "Two Reviews in '31." 



Partly to the history of the Church and 

 partly to that of literature belongs the post- 

 humous work of Professor Moll, " Geert Groe- 

 te's Dietsche Vertalingen," edited by Profess- 

 or Acquoy. The first part of a new edition 

 of Huygens's works has appeared, which will 

 be a worthy counterpart of Leendertz's edition 

 of Hooft. Professor Moltzer published the 

 fourth part of his " Studies and Sketches," the 

 plays of Starter (seventeenth century), an 

 Englishman by birth. Dr. Jan te "Winkel has 

 published an essay on Blasius. The third part 

 of Dr. van Vloten's " Nederlandsch Klucht- 

 spel " is finished. In the Dutch farces we see 

 all the native humor and aversion to prudery. 

 Galandat Huet is publishing some of the un- 

 printed letters from and to Elizabeth Wolff. 

 Beets has edited the poems of the accomplished 

 Anna Visscher. 



Busken Huet is writing in French a history 

 of the civilization of the Dutch down to the 

 seventeenth century. 



The " Archives of Dutch History of Art," 

 continued for many years by Obreen, contain 

 interesting details of the clubs of painters and 

 the Guild of St. Lucas. Johan Gram, in " Onze 

 Schilders in Pulchri Studio, "describes the lives 

 of about eighty modern painters, with many 

 anecdotes. A more serious book is Vosmaer's 

 " Modern Painters " ; the first essay, on Isra- 

 els, contains etchings, photographs, and por- 

 traits, and says more about the artist's work 

 than about the artist. 



A novelty in fiction is the ethnographical 



