MEXICO. 



567 



In the official report above referred to the 

 area of the republic is set down at 1,921,240 

 square kilometres (741,791 square miles), while 

 in statistical returns of an official character, 

 published in 1869 and 1873, it stood at 761,640 * 

 square miles. Of the total population shown 

 in the foregoing table, it is calculated that 52 

 per cent, or 5,130,597, are females. The clas- 

 sification by races appears as follows in the 

 " Anales " : Europeans and Spanish-Ameri- 

 cans, 1,882,522; pure-blooded Indians, 3,765,- 

 044 (the Mexicanos and Cuitlatecos numbering 

 together 1,626,511); and mixed races, 4,260,- 

 445. According to Humboldt, the population 

 of New Spain in 1804 was 5,764,731 ; and Don 

 Fernando Navarro y Noriega gave it (for 1810) 

 at 6,122,354, distributed as follows: 



Europeans and Spanish-Americans 1,097,928 



Indians 8,676,281 



Mixed races l,33s,7U6 



Secular clergy 4,229 



Regular clergy 3,112 



:N uiis 2,098 



Total 6,122,864 



Then the absolute increase of the Mexican 

 population in seventy-two years has been a 

 little over 50 per cent ; but in order to deter- 

 mine the precise rate of increase, allowance 

 should be made for the population of the for- 

 mer provinces of the republic New Mexico, 

 Texas, and (Upper) California. The numeri- 

 cal superiority of females over males among 

 the native inhabitants of the hot lands (tierras 

 calientes) of the intertropical regions is a curi- 

 ous fact observed in Mexico as, in general, 

 elsewhere in tropical countries. 



The President of the Republic is General 

 Manuel Gonzalez, inaugurated December 9, 

 1881. The Cabinet was composed of the fol- 

 lowing ministers: Foreign Affairs, Sefior Igna- 

 cio Mariscal ; Interior, Sefior Carlos Diez Gu- 

 tierrez; Finance, Sefior F. Landero y Cos; 

 War, General H. Trevifio ; Justice and Public 

 Instruction, Sefior E. Montes; Public Works, 

 General C. Pacheco. 



The President of the Supreme Court (and 

 consequently, by the terms of the Constitution, 

 Vice-President of the Republic) is Licentiate 

 Ignacio L. Vallarta ; and the magistrates are : 

 Licentiates Pedro Ogazon, Manuel Alas, Miguel 

 Blanco, Jos6 Maria Bautista, Juan de Mata 

 Vazquez, Eleuterio Avila, Jesus M. Vazquez 

 Palacios, Manuel Contreras, Juan Manuel Sal- 

 dafia, Pascual Ortiz, and Jos6 Fernando Coro- 

 fia ; with Sefior Jos6 Eligio Mufioz, Attorney- 

 General, and the Procurator-General. 



The Governor of the Federal District (ap- 

 pointed by the President of the Republic for 

 an unlimited term) is Sefior R. Fernandez. 

 The other Governors were as follows : 



Aguas Calientes Seflor R. Arellanos. 



Campeacby " Arturo Shielz. 



Chiapas. . ." " Miguel Utrilla. 



Chihuahua u Luis Terrazas. 



Coahuila " Evaristo Madero 



Colima " Francisco Santa Cruz. 



* See "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1974, in which and In the 

 volumes for 1S75 and 187 J are interesting statistics concern- 

 ing population. 



Durango 



Guanajuato 



Guerrero 



Hidalgo 



Jalisco 



Mexico 



Michoacan 



Morelos 



N uevo Leon 



Oajaca 



Puebla 



Queretaro 



San Luis Potosi 



Sinaloa 



Sonora 



Tabasco 



Tamaulipas 



Tlaxcala 



Vera Cruz 



Yucatan 



Zacatecas 



Lower Califor'a (Ter.) 



Licentiate Francisco Gomez del Palacio. 



" Manuel Muuoz Ledo. 

 General D. Alvarez. 



" Rafael Cravioto. 

 Seflor Fermin G. Riestra. 

 " J. Zubieta. 

 " P. Dorantes. 

 " Carlos Quaglia. 

 a G. Garza Garcia. 

 General Porflrio Diaz. 



" Juan N. Mendez. 

 Senor Francisco G. de Cosio. 

 " Francisco Bustamante. 

 " Mariano Martinez de Castro. 

 " C. Ortiz. 

 u M. Foucher. 

 " Antonio Canales. 

 u Grajales. 

 " Apolinar Castillo. 

 " Ancona. 



Jesus Arechiga. 

 Tiburcio Montiel. 



The State Governors are elected for a term 

 of four years. The Governor of the Territory 

 of Lower California is appointed by the Fed- 

 eral Government. 



The Mexican Minister to the United States 

 is Sefior Don Matias Romero, accredited in 

 April, 1882, and successor to Sefior M. de Za- 

 macona ; and the Mexican Consul-General in 

 New York is Dr. Juan N. Navarro. The 

 United States Minister to Mexico is Hon. P. 

 H. Morgan ; aud the United States Consul- 

 General at the capital is Mr. David H. Stroth- 

 er. The Archbishop of Mexico is the Rt. Rev. 

 Px A. de Labastida (1863). 



The army in 1881 was composed approxi- 

 mately as follows : 20 battalions of foot : 12,- 

 200 men and 740 officers ; 14 regiments of 

 horse : 4,850 men and 518 officers ; 6 bri- 

 gades (of 5 batteries each) of artillery: 1,645 

 men and 180 officers; coast-guards: 71 men 

 apd 22 officers ; 9 corps of rural guards (guar- 

 dias rurales): 1,692 men and 192 officers; 

 and Invalids: 280 men and 19 officers total, 

 22,367 rank and file. The navy consists of 

 five gunboats. 



The national revenue for the fiscal year 

 1879-'80 was set down at $21,936,165.39 in 

 the returns of the Tesorena General de la 

 Federation. In the budget for that year the 

 revenue was estimated at $16,303,455. 



The amount and branches of the expendi- 

 ture for the same year appeared as follows, in 

 the same official returns : 



EXPENDITCRK. 



Legislative Power $901,897 69 



Executive Power 42,170 48 



Judiciary 819,915 91 



Ministry of Foreign Affairs 255,29088 



ofthe Interior 2.482,16814 



" of Justice and Public Instruction 1,057,1?8 00 



u of Public Works, etc 2179,08867 



" of Finance 4.565,519 87 



" of War and Marine 8,678,56260 



Total $20,431,797 20 



On comparing the total actual expenditure 

 (as shown in the foregoing table) with the rev- 

 enue, it will be seen that the year 1879-'80 

 was marked by a deficit of $4,128,342, which, 

 however, is below the usual standard of an- 

 nual deficits* in. Mexico. 



* See "Annual Cyclopedia" for 1880, p. 511. 



