690 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



series of theatre meetings which he inaugu- 

 rated. At Swampscott, Massachusetts, he or- 

 ganized a Unitarian Society, of which he was 

 pastor at the time of his death, as well as of 

 the Arlington Street Church, in Boston, to 

 which he was called in 1872. Among the 

 members of the Grand Army he was a special 

 favorite, having worked for and among the 

 soldiers during the war, and was a frequent 

 orator hefore their organizations after the 

 establishment of peace. As a writer he con- 

 tributed to denominational periodicals, and 

 published several books, namely, "The Silent 

 Pastor," " Hymns and Tunes for Sunday- 

 School Worship," and " Home Life : What it Is, 

 and what it Needs." 



WARNER, HIRAM, born in Hampshire Coun- 

 ty, Massachusetts, October 29, 1802; died in 

 Atlanta, Georgia, in 1881. He received a 

 good common-school education, and, in ad- 

 dition, acquired some knowledge of the clas- 

 sics. At the age of seventeen he went to 

 Georgia, where he taught school for three 

 years. At the expiration of that time he had 

 saved sufficient of his earnings to study law, 

 and was admitted to practice in 1825, when he 

 opened an office at Knoxville, in Crawford 

 County. He soon obtained lucrative business, 

 and in 1828 was elected to the General Assem- 

 bly, where he served until 1831, when he de- 

 clined a re-election. Two years later he was 

 elected one of the Judges of the Superior Court 

 of the State, which office he held until 1840. 

 In 1845 he was appointed a Judge of the Su- 

 preme Court, and served for eight years. In 

 1855 he was elected Representative in the 

 Thirty-fourth Congress, and declined re-elec- 

 tion in 1857. 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. ADAM, WILL- 

 IAM PATRICK, a British statesman ; died in In- 

 dia, May 24th. He was one of the most acute 

 and able of British politicians, and during the 

 seven years of the Disraeli Ministry he dis- 

 played remarkable skill and energy as opposi- 

 tion " whip " in the House of Commons. The 

 Liberal victory of 1880 surprised every one hut 

 Adam, to whose shrewd electioneering tactics 

 it was largely due. He was rewarded with the 

 governorship of Madras, and had hardly com- 

 menced what promised to be a successful career 

 as an Indian administrator when he was taken 

 off by death. He had gamed an Indian experi- 

 ence already as secretary to Lord Elphinstone, 

 Governor of Bombay, from 1853 to 1858. He 

 was born in 1823, his father having been Admi- 

 ral Sir Charles Adam, representative in Parlia- 

 ment of the Scotch counties of Clackmannan 

 and Kinross. The late Governor of Madras 

 was educated at Cambridge, and practiced as a 

 barrister. On his return from India, in 1859, 

 he obtained the seat in Parliament which sev- 

 eral of his ancestors had filled, and which he 

 held until his retirement from politics. 



ARRIVABENE, GIOVANNI, Count, an Italian 

 patriot and political economist, born in Man- 

 tua, in 1787 ; died January 12, 1881. He first 



attained great prominence in 1 820, when he was 

 arrested for having taken part in the disturb- 

 ances of the Carbonari. He was soon released 

 through the efforts of influential friends, but, as 

 he aided the Piedmontese revolutionists with 

 money, he was compelled to leave the country 

 shortly after, and went to Switzerland, from 

 there to France, and finally to London. In the 

 mean while his estates had been confiscated by 

 the Austrian Government, and he himself had 

 been sentenced to death in contumaciam. In 

 London he turned his attention to the charita- 

 ble institutions, and wrote a work, " Benificen- 

 za della cittadi Londra" (1827-'32), which was 

 highly praised. In 1827 he went to Belgium, 

 organized the Congress of Political Economy 

 in Brussels in 1846, and returned to Italy in 

 1860. Here he was created a Senator, and was 

 for a long time President of the Italian Asso- 

 ciation of Political Economy, and promoter of 

 the organization of savings-banks, but took no 

 part whatever in political affairs. 



BENEDEK, LUDWIO VON, an Austrian gener- 

 al, born in Oedenburg, Hungary, in 1804; died 

 April 27, 1881. He graduated at the Neustadt 

 Military Academy, entered the Austrian army 

 in 1822, and attained the rank of colonel in 

 1843; quelled an insurrection in Galicia in 

 1845, took part in the Italian campaign of 1848 

 -'49, and distinguished himself particularly at 

 Curtatone and afterward at Novara. In the 

 Hungarian campaign of 1849 he commanded, 

 with the rank of a major-general, the advance 

 at Raab and Oszony, and took part in the bat- 

 tles of Szoroy and Osz-Ivany. In the Italian war 

 of 1859 he commanded the eighth army corps, 

 rendering good service at Solferino. In the 

 following year he became Governor-General of 

 Hungary, and soon afterward commander-in- 

 chief in Venetia. At the outbreak of the war 

 with Prussia, in 1866, he was appointed com- 

 mander-in-chief of the Army of the North. 

 Owing to various causes, he did not fulfill the 

 expectations of him, and, foreseeing the result 

 of the war, he called upon the Emperor to con- 

 clude peace at any cost. After the battle of 

 Sadowa, he retired to Olmiltz, and was super- 

 seded by Archduke Albrecht. An investigation 

 by a court-martial, which was begun some time 

 afterward, was stopped by an imperial order, 

 because " no code exists which makes the ab- 

 sence of talent a penal offense," and because 

 the destruction of his military reputation must 

 have been his severest punishment. He lived 

 in complete retirement after the war of 1866, 

 and remained silent to all attacks made upon 

 him for his incompetency. But his last will, 

 which was drawn up in 1873 and was published 

 after his death, contains a passage which 

 throws considerable new light on the events 

 of those days. This passage is as follows : " I 

 look forward to my death with a clear con- 

 science, and declare that I leave no memoirs 

 whatever. I have burned all my notes on the 

 campaign of 1866, and on the command of the 

 Army of the North, which was forced upon 



