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OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



which are " The Redderbox," an Irish novel 

 (1839) ; " The Book of Royalty : Characteristics 

 of British Palaces " (1839) ; " Marian " (1840), 

 her most popular novel; "The White Boy" 

 (1845) ; " Stories and Studies from the Chron- 

 icles and History of England" (1847); "Mid- 

 summer-Eve" (1848); "A Woman's Story" 

 (1857) ; " Can Wrong be Right? " (1862) ; " The 

 Fight of Faith " (1869) ; and " The Rift in the 

 Rock " (1871). In 1852 she became the editor 

 of Sharp's "London Magazine," and in 1860 of 

 the " St. James Magazine." She was ma^- 

 ried to Samuel Carter Hall, who was also well 

 known as an author. 



HKCKKU, FKIKDRIOH, one of the leading spir- 

 its and popular heroes of the democratic upris- 

 ing in Germany in 1848 ; died at St. Louis, U. 

 S. A., March 24, 1881. Born September 28, 

 1811, at Eichtersheim, in Baden, he went to 

 school in Mannheim, and studied law at Heidel- 

 berg. Commencing practice as an advocate 

 at Mannheim in 1838, he plunged at once into 

 political life, and was elected to the Baden 

 Assembly in 1842. His expulsion from the 

 Prussian dominions, upon a visit to Berlin with 

 Itzstein in 1845, made his name known in all 

 German lands. His spirit, vitality, and re- 

 markable eloquence made him exceedingly pop- 

 ular. He was carried further and further by 

 the drift of the age toward republicanism, un- 

 til he openly took ground with Struve as a 

 Republican and Socialist-Democrat when the 

 arrangements for a German Parliament were 

 under discussion in Heidelberg among the rev- 

 olutionary politicians. From this time he be- 

 came the hero of the masses, and the exponent 

 of their democratic aspirations. His political 

 plans he could not bring the majority of the 

 Constituent Assembly to accept. He then ap- 

 pealed to the masses. Appearing at the head 

 of columns of working-men, who had marched 

 from the interior of France, he unfolded the 

 banner of the social republic, and advanced 

 with his revolutionary army into the highlands 

 of Baden from Constance. He was beaten by 

 the Baden soldiery at Kaudern, May 20, 1848, 

 and retreated into Switzerland. There he 

 learned that the National Assembly, which had 

 met meanwhile at Frankfort, had denounced 

 him as a traitor. His enthusiastic hopes of a 

 great revolution completely dashed, with the 

 prospect of a felon's death before him, he fled 

 to America in September. The following year, 

 at the news of the "May revolution," his san- 

 guine spirit mounted again, only to be more 

 effectually cast down when he learned, upon 

 hastening to the scene, that the abortive revo- 

 lution was already ended. 



Hecker recrossed the Atlantic, and became a 

 citizen of the American Republic. He settled 

 down as a farmer in Illinois. Like others of 

 the German revolutionists of that epoch, who 

 found a refuge and more congenial political in- 

 stitutions in the United States, he took a part 

 in American politics, but did not become im- 

 mersed in American political affairs, nor make 



a new career for himself, as did some of his 

 compatriots. He even refused brilliant diplo- 

 matic positions, feeling an honorable reluctance 

 to accept a personal gain in requital for the 

 effective services he performed for the party to 

 which be attached himself. The anti-slavery 

 cause awakened all the passion and enthusiasm 

 of his nature, and to the end of his life he was 

 an indefatigable and powerful stump-orator on 

 the Republican side. He joined the Repub- 

 lican party on its formation, and in the civil 

 war led a regiment of volunteers in Fremont's 

 division of the Northern army. He resigned 

 his colonelcy in 1864, and devoted himself 

 thenceforth to agricultural occupations. Dur- 

 ing the Franco-German War he uttered inspir- 

 iting words of hope and sympathy for the cause 

 of the Fatherland ; but when he visited Ger- 

 many, in 1873, he felt a keen disappointment 

 at the actual political condition, though he de- 

 tected the rising spirit of liberty. 



HKEMSKERK, M. J., a Dutch statesman ; died 

 in January, 1881. He had for a long time rep- 

 resented Haarlem, and afterward Amsterdam, 

 in the States-General, in which body he had 

 been for a long time the most prominent rep- 

 resentative of the Liberal party. He was ex- 

 aminer-in-chief for the diplomatic service, a 

 councilor of state, and author of several re- 

 markable treatises on history and on English 

 constitutional law. 



HILDEBRANDT, THEODOB, a German explorer, 

 was born May 19, 1847, in Dusseldorf; died on 

 the Island of Madagascar, May 29, 1881. He was 

 educated in the gymasium at Dusseldorf, entered 

 a machine-shop at the age of seventeen, in ac- 

 cordance with the request of his father, but, as 

 he lost an eye here, he devoted himself to the 

 study of botany. He was filled at an early age 

 with a desire to travel, and for this purpose 

 studied Arabic. In March, 1871, he set out on 

 his first journey to Eastern Africa, where he 

 explored the shores of the Red Sea. The geo- 

 logical, botanical, zoological, and ethnological 

 collections which he sent to Berlin attracted so 

 much attention that he received considerable 

 pecuniary assistance from the African and An- 

 thropological Associations and the Academy of 

 Sciences. In 1874 he was compelled by sick- 

 ness to return to Berlin, just as he was about 

 to depart on a journey to the country of the 

 Gallas. He set out on his second journey in 

 June, 1875, went again to Eastern Africa, and 

 made many valuable botanical discoveries on 

 this trip. In 1877 he was again compelled 

 by sickness to return, and on February 20, 

 1879, set out on his third and last journey. 

 He sent home many valuable collections of 

 specimens of all kinds, and was highly prized on 

 this account. 



KELLER,Dr. FERDINAND, of Zurich, the discov- 

 erer of the Swiss lake-dwellings, born Decem- 

 ber 24, 1800 ; died July 21st. After studying 

 in Switzerland and in Paris he became the tutor 

 of an English boy, the late Henry Danby Sey- 

 mour, M. P., and afterward teacher of English 



