726 PEMBERTON, JOHN C. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



pw, and to declare martial law. His own di- 

 vision, filled tip from the elite of Philadelphia, 

 responded to his call with enthusiasm, and 

 were followed so promptly by the flower of the 

 Pennsylvanian youth that her quota of four- 

 teen regiments was swollen to twenty-five, all 

 accepted by hitn before the Administration had 

 opportunity to reject the overplus. 



One of his first demonstrations was to hold 

 in check the turbulent spirits of the Eastern 

 Shore of Maryland, and cement Delaware more 

 firmly to the Union, by sending the superb light 

 battery of Sherman to manoeuvre near Easton, 

 Maryland. Through the strenuous exertions 

 of General Patterson, commuuication between 

 Philadelphia and the capital was re-opened by 

 means of a new route via Annapolis, after the 

 insurgents had effectually cut it off. Access to 

 Washington thus secured, General Patterson 

 sent the old volunteer artillery regiment of 

 Pennsylvania, commanded by his oldest son, 

 Colonel Francis E. Patterson, to unite with 

 Sherman's battery in re-opening the route 

 through Baltimore. Having done this, and 

 the Government declining to receive into serv- 

 ice the men called from Pennsylvania, Gen- 

 eral Patterson took the field with the residue 

 of the army lie had gathered. 



Mustered out of the service of the United 

 States at the expiration of his term, he re- 

 turned home to find popular prejudice arrayed 

 against him on account of his position during 

 the campaign on the upper waters of the Po- 

 tomac, anterior to the first battle of Manassas 

 Unable to defend himself by revealing facts 

 that might be prejudicial to the public service, 

 General Patterson devoted himself to the ex- 

 trication of his private affairs from the con- 

 fusion into which they had fallen while he was 

 engaged in military operations. At the end of 

 four years, when all necessity for silence had 

 passed away, he published his " Narrative of 

 the Campaign in the Valley of the Shenan- 

 doah," which produced a marked effect on the 

 public mind. 



In the management of his mercantile busi- 

 ness he showed remarkable capacity. Be- 

 sides being an extensive real-estate owner, 

 he was a prominent manufacturer of cotton 

 goods, and maintained over four thousand em- 

 ployes in his cotton-mills. He was also large- 

 ly interested in sugar-refineries at New Or- 

 leans, as well as in seven cotton-plantations in 

 Georgia and Tennessee. His estate was vari- 

 ously estimated at from $2,000,000 to $3,000,- 

 000. 



PEMBERTON, General Jonx C., born in 

 Philadelphia, 1817 ; died at Perm Lyn, Penn- 

 sylvania, July 13, 1881. He graduated from 

 West Point in 1837, and was promoted second- 

 lieutenant of the Fourth Artillery, with which 

 he served in the Florida War against the Semi- 

 nole Indians. He was engaged in the action 

 of Locha Hatchee in 1838. In 1840 he was 

 ordered to the Northern frontier to aid in 

 quelling the disturbances on the Canadian bor- 



der at Detroit. A year later found him at 

 Forts Mackinac and Brody, Michigan, at Buf- 

 falo, and in 1842 in garrison at Fortress Mon- 

 roe, Virginia. On the 19th of March, 1842, he 

 was made first-lieutenant in the Fourth Artil- 

 lery, and at the breaking out of the Mexican 

 War he was aide-de-camp to General Worth, 

 participating in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca 

 de la Palma, and Monterey, as also in the siege 

 of Vera Cruz. For his gallantry at Monterey, 

 in 1846, he was bre vetted captain, and at Mo- 

 lino del Key, major. He was present at the 

 storming of Chapultepec; and at the assault 

 and capture of the city of Mexico he was 

 wounded. In 1850 he became full captain, 

 and at the termination of hostilities was trans- 

 ferred, first to Florida, and subsequently to 

 New Orleans barracks. In 1856-'57 he was on 

 frontier duty at Fort Leavenworth, engaged in 

 quelling disturbances on the Kansas border. 

 He took part in the Utah Expedition of 1857- 

 '58, and remained in the West until 1861, when 

 he was in garrison at Washington Arsenal, D. 

 C. He resigned from the United States serv- 

 ice on the 26th of April, 1861, and, entering 

 the Confederate service as a colonel of cav- 

 alry, was appointed assistant adjutant to Gen- 

 eral Joseph E. Johnston. In 1862 he was 

 made a brigadier-general, and in the latter 

 part of that year a lieutenant-general, and ap- 

 pointed to the command of the army operating 

 in Mississippi. General Pemberton was de- 

 feated at Champion Hills in 1863, and subse- 

 quently besieged in Vicksburg with his army, 

 then numbering about thirty -four thousand 

 men. On the surrender of that post, July 4, 

 1863, General Grant met General Pemberton in 

 person, and the terms of capitulation were ar- 

 ranged between them. The paroled prisoners 

 numbered about twenty-seven thousand, two 

 fifths of whom were sick or wounded. At the 

 close of the war he was acting as inspector of 

 artillery at Charleston, South Carolina. Sub- 

 sequently he engaged in farming near Warren- 

 ton, Fauquier County, Virginia. In 1875 he 

 went to Philadelphia, where he resided until 

 his death. 



PENNSYLVANIA. The session of the 

 Legislature began early in January, 1881, and 

 ended early in June. This body consisted of 

 32 Republicans, 16 Democrats, and 2 Green- 

 backers in the Senate, and 121 Republicans, 

 78 Democrats, 1 Greenbacker, and 1 Fusion- 

 ist (Democrat and Greenbacker) in the House. 

 The first matter of importance was the elec- 

 tion of a United States Senator to succeed 

 William A. Wallace, who was renominated by 

 the Democrats. A Republican caucus was 

 held on the 13th of January, which was at- 

 tended by ninety-five members, and, on the 

 third ballot, nominated Henry W. Oliver, who 

 received 79 votes, a majority of the entire 

 Republican membership of the Legislature. 

 Most of the Republicans who refused to at- 

 tend the caucus decided to vote for Galusha 

 A. Grow. The first ballot, which was taken 



