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PENNSYLVANIA. 



to make money and speculate in the lives of 

 others. Forty -two companies reported to 

 this department their business for the year 

 1880. 



From these reports it appears that the com- 

 panies named had a total income from applica- 

 tions, assessments, and miscellaneous sources, 

 amounting to $1,858,988.74, which was all ex- 

 pended excepting the sum of $3,218.74. The 

 sum of $906,867.67, or 67 per cent of the 

 entire income, was used in the payment of 

 death-claims or returned to members ; the sum 

 of $96,698.64, or 7 per cent of the income, 

 was paid to officers; the sum of $242,889.93, 

 or 18 per cent of the income, was paid to 

 agents; and the sum of $104,313.76, or 7i per 

 cent, was paid for general expenses. Thus it 

 appears that in the aggregate more than 32 

 per cent of the money collected by these com- 

 panies was absorbed by the expenses of man- 

 agement. 



About 40 per cent of the entire business of 

 the companies was done by the United Breth- 

 ren Mutual Aid Society of Lebanon, whose ex- 

 perience shows more favorable results than the 

 aggregated experience of the other companies. 

 Deducting the business of the United Breth- 

 ren, the remaining companies received from 

 applications, assessments, and other sources, 

 $812,014.57, of which sum $430,596.24, or 

 53 per cent, was expended in death-claims or 

 returned to members; $73,142.10, or 9 per 

 cent, was paid to officers ; $196,287.04, or 24 

 per cent, to agents ; and 10 per cent to miscel- 

 laneous expenses : showing an expenditure of 

 43 per cent of the entire income in manage- 

 ment. Twenty-three companies organized in 

 1880, or at the close of 1879, received $265,125 

 in premiums and assessments. Of this sum 70 

 per cent, or $186,796, went to officers, agents, 

 expenses, and 25 per cent, or $66,886, to pay 

 death-losses or return premiums, leaving a bal- 

 ance of less than 5 per cent, or $11,443, unex- 

 pended. Included in the above number are 

 twelve companies that collected $48,673, spent 

 $38,520, and did not pay a dollar for death- 

 losses. 



The Western Pennsylvania Hospital is com- 

 posed of two departments, the medical and 

 surgical in Pittsburg, and that for the insane 

 at Dixmont, eight miles distant. The number 

 of patients at Dixmont, September 30, 1879, 

 was 609 ; during the year ending September 

 30, 1880, 238 were admitted, making the total 

 number under treatment during that period 

 847. Of these, 249 were discharged or died, 

 leaving in the institution at the end of the year 

 598 patients. On the 30th of September, 1879, 

 there were 105 patients in the medical and 

 surgical department ; 795 have been since ad- 

 mitted, making the number 900 under treat- 

 ment during the year. Of these, 784 were 

 discharged or died, leaving in the hospital on 

 September 30, 1880, 116 patients. 



The report of the trustees of the Hospital 

 for the Insane at Danville, for the year end- 



ing September 30, 1880, shows the following: 

 The number of patients in the hospital at 

 the beginning of the year was 253 males and 

 191 females; total, 444. The admissions dur- 

 ing the year were 113 males and 59 females; 

 total, 172, making the whole number under 

 treatment, for the period covered by the report, 

 366 males and 250 females; total, 616. The 

 discharges were 143 males and 89 females ; 

 total, 232. Of these, 17 males and 18 females 

 were considered restored. 56 improved, 106 

 stationary, and 35 died. The number remain- 

 ing at the end of the year was 384, of whom 

 223 were males and 161 females, or 60 less 

 than at the beginning. This diminution is the 

 result of the transfer to the Norristown Hos- 

 pital, near the end of August, of all the Phila- 

 delphia patients (92) at that time in the hospi- 

 tal which were supported at public expense. 

 The receipts of the hospital from all sources, 

 including $10,000 from the State Treasury, 

 were $89,273.86, and the expenditures $89,- 

 839.43, making the average weekly cost per 

 patient, $3.82. This includes everything sal- 

 aries, repairs, and insurance. 



There were, in 1880, 7,037 graded schools in 

 the State, an increase of 232 during the year. 

 It is a remarkable fact that while the increase 

 in the number of pupils was only 1,570, the in- 

 crease in the average attendance was 13,955. 

 The whole number of pupils on the rolls was 

 937,310, and the average attendance 601,627, 

 or 77 per cent. The average length of the 

 school term remains about the same, seven 

 months. The average cost of tuition for each 

 pupil per month is only seventy-five cents, 

 which shows a very economical administration 

 of the school system. The expenditures of all 

 kinds during the year, exclusive of orphan and 

 normal schools, amounted to $7,482,577.75. 

 The school property of the State was valued 

 at $25,467,097. The total indebtedness of all 

 the school districts in the State, cities included, 

 was only $2,648,495.84, and there remained in 

 the school board treasuries, at the end of the 

 year, $1,425,213.16. 



. The report of the Superintendent of Soldiers' 

 Orphans' Schools, for the year ending May 31, 

 1881, shows that there were under the super- 

 vision of the department 2,602 children. Be- 

 sides these, there were in scattered homes and 

 receiving "out-door relief" twenty-eight oth- 

 ers. The increase over the preceding year was 

 twenty-two. The whole amount expended by 

 the State for the support of these schools has 

 been $7,252,695. The Legislature of 1878 pro- 

 vided that no more children should be admitted 

 into these schools after the 1st of June, 1882, 

 and that they should be finally closed on the 1st 

 of June, 1885. 



According to the census of 1880, the total 

 net debt of the State, both local and of tho 

 State proper, is $114,073,342. The following 

 table shows it in detail, the word "local" be- 

 ing used to comprise county, township, city, 

 borough, and school-district debts : 



