758 



PORTUGAL. 



Peers, and the " Camara tlos Depntados," or 

 Chamber of Deputies, which together form 

 the " Cortes Geraes," or General Cortes. The 

 peers, unlimited in number, but actually com- 

 prising one hundred and thirty-three, are 

 named for life by the sovereign, by whom 

 also are nominated the President and Vice- 

 President of the First Chamber. The members 

 of the Second Chamber are chosen in direct 

 election by all citizens possessing a clear in- 

 come of 133 milreis ($66.50). The deputies 

 must have an income of at least 300 milreis 

 ($150) per annum, save in the cases of lawyers, 

 professors, physicians, or the graduates of any 

 of the learned professions, who need no prop- 

 erty qualification. 



the executive power resides, under the sov- 

 ereign, in a responsible Cabinet divided into 

 seven departments or ministries. The mem- 

 bers of the Cabinet were as follows, in 1881 : 

 Minister of the Interior, Councilor Antonio 

 Rodrigues Sampaio, President of the Council 

 (March 25, 1881), and member of the Privy 

 Council (1865); Minister of Foreign Affairs, 

 Councilor Dr. E. R. Hintz Ribeiro, appointed 

 April 5, 1881 ; Minister of Finance, Councilor 

 L. V. de Sampaio e Mello, appointed March 

 25, 1881 ; Minister of Justice and Public "Wor- 

 ship, Councillor A. de Barros e Sa ; Minister 

 of Public Works, Commerce, and Industry, 

 Councilor Dr. E. R. Ilintz Ribeiro ; Minister 

 of War, Colonel C. P. Sanches de Castro ; Min- 

 ister of Marine and of the Colonies, Coun- 

 cilor Dr. J. Marques de Vilhena. 



The Portuguese Minister Plenipotentiary to 

 the United States is Viscount das Nogueiras, 

 accredited October 8, 1878; and the Portu- 

 guese Consul-General (for the Union) at New 

 York is Senhor A. M. da Cunha Soto Maior. 



The United States charge d'affaires in Port- 

 ugal is Mr. B. Moran, accredited November 9, 

 1876 ; and the United States Consul at Lisbon 

 is Mr. H. W. Diman. 



The kingdom is divided into six provinces, 

 which, with their areas and population, re- 

 spectively, according to the census returns of 

 December, 1868, and January 1, 1878, are as 

 follows : 



In this enumeration is included the popula- 

 tion of the so-called adjacent islands (Azores), 

 represented in 1878 at 390,384. 



To the foregoing should be added the colonial 

 possessions of Portugal in Africa, Asia, and 

 Oceania, the area and population of which, 

 according to official returns referring to 1871- 

 '79, were as follows : 



The cities of Portugal with a population 

 of upward of 10,000 each, in 1878, are as 

 below : 



By the terms of a law passed June 23, 1864, 

 the strength of the army was fixed at 30,128 

 on the peace footing, and 68.450 on the war 

 footing. But financial considerations restrict 

 the actual strength (July 1, 1880) to 18,185 

 rank and file, consisting chiefly of infantry, the 

 cavalry numbering but 2,497, and the artillery 

 1,385, officers and men. The troops in the 

 Portuguese colonies number 8,500 infantry and 

 artillery, exclusive of a reserve of 9,500 men. 



The navy, in 1880, was composed of 24 

 steamers and 14 sail of the line, most of the 

 latter laid up in port. The steam craft com- 

 prised 9 corvettes (one iron-clad), 12 gunboats, 

 and 6 sloops, with an aggregate armament of 

 139 guns, and a total of 4,460 horse-power. 

 There were (1880) in the navy 262 officers of 

 all ranks, 1 vice-admiral and 11 rear-admirals, 

 and 3,307 men. 



In the budget approved by the General Cortes 

 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, the 

 estimated revenue and expenditure, in contos 

 and milreis (1 conto = 1,000 milreis; 1 mil- 

 reis = $l'08; 5,624:448 means 5,624 contos 

 and 448 milreis), figured as shown in the fol- 

 lowing table: 



REVENUE. 



1. Direct taxes 6.606 : 630 



2. Stamps and register duties 8.075 : 200 



8. Indirect taxes (customs, etc.) 15.210 : 770 



4. National domain 2.57S : 734 



5. Sundries... 1,104:678 



6. Receipts extraordinary (loan of 187s). 2,218 : 000 



Total 80,794:012 



